STRATEGI INTERVENSI MENINGKATKAN KETAHANAN TOMAT (Solanum lycopersicum L.) TERHADAP FLUKTUASI SUHU BERDASARKAN RESPON FISIOLOGI DAN MOLEKULER

Intervention Strategy to Increase Temperature Fluctuation Resistances of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Based on Physiological and Molecular Responses

Abstrak

Climate change exacerbates the occurrence and intensity of temperature fluctuation. Extreme temperature fluctuations, both low (chilling) and high (heat), are a major limiting factors on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) production that significantly reduce growth, yield, and quality. This article aims to synthesize recent findings on the physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses of tomato plants to low and high temperature stress, and explore potential adaptation and mitigation strategies on it. This article use a literature review method where the literatures are taken from Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases using the following keywords: "tomato" OR "Solanum lycopersicum", "chilling stress" OR "cold stress", "heat stress" OR "thermotolerance". Articles resulting from those database were filtered based on the inclusion criteria like research articles, published between 2020-2025, focusing on studies in physiology, biochemistry, molecular biology, and genetics. The result on this review show that low temperature impaires plant membrane integrity, photoinhibition, accumulation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), and metabolic imbalance. Meanwhile, high temperature causes protein denaturation, inhibition of photosynthetic enzymes, increased evaporation, and disruption in the reproductive process on plant. Tomato adapts to these stresses by accumulating osmoprotectant compounds, increasing the activity of the antioxidant system, synthesizing HSPs proteins, modulating plant hormones and intracellular signaling pathways. Intervention strategies for temperature stress in tomatoes are recommended through breeding approaches, appropriate cultivation practices, application of exogenous compounds, and modulation of the TOR pathway. A thorough understanding of these mechanisms is a crucial foundation for designing sustainable strategies to increase tomato resilience to climate fluctuations and ensure food security.