Prosiding Seminar Nasional Integrasi Pertanian dan Peternakan
Prosiding Seminar Nasional Integrasi Pertanian dan Peternakan (SNIPP). Prosiding seminar nasional ini diselenggarakan oleh Fakultas Pertanian dan Peternakan, Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau. Selain itu juga didukung oleh Ikatan Sarjana Peternakan (ISPI) Riau, dan Asosiasi Ilmu Nutrisi Indonesia (AINI). Pada seminar dipresentasikan hasil penelitian yang dilaksanakan oleh peneliti, dosen, dan mahasiswa yang berasal dari berbagai instansi di Indonesia. Makalah yang dipresentasikan dalam seminar tersebut, kemudian didokumentasikan dalam prosiding ini.
Fakultas Pertanian dan Peternakan, Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN PUPUK KASGOTCHAR TERHADAP PRODUKSI TIGA VARIETAS KEDELAI (Glycine max L merril)
Kedelai (Glycine max L. Merrill) merupakan komoditas pangan penting di Indonesia, namun produktivitas nasional masih rendah dan belum mampu memenuhi kebutuhan konsumsi. Upaya peningkatan hasil dapat dilakukan melalui pemilihan varietas unggul serta pemupukan organik ramah lingkungan seperti pupuk kasgotchar, kombinasi kasgot dan biochar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan pupuk kasgotchar, varietas kedelai, serta interaksi keduanya terhadap produksi tanaman kedelai. Penelitian dilaksanakan di lahan BMKG Sampali, Deli Serdang, pada April 2025 menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) faktorial dengan 2 faktor: yaitu Faktor pertama dosis pupuk kasgotchar (K) dimana K0=Kontrol,K1 = 0,5 kg/plot, K2 = 1 kg/plot, K3 = 1,5kg/plot, K4 = 2 kg/plot dan Faktor kedua yaitu tiga varietas (V), V1 = Varietas Dering, V2 = Varietas Devon, V3 = Varietas Derap, dengan dua ulangan. Parameter yang diamati meliputi jumlah polong, dan berat 100 biji kering. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pupuk kasgotchar tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap jumlah polong, serta bobot 100 biji. Varietas kedelai tidak pengaruh nyata jumlah polong dan bobot 100 biji dengan varietas Dering dan Devon menunjukkan hasil terbaik pada masing-masing parameter. Interaksi antara varietas dan dosis pupuk kasgotchar tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap seluruh parameter. Kesimpulannya, penggunaan pupuk kasgotchar dosis 2 kg/plot dan varietas Devon merupakan perlakuan terbaik, meskipun pengaruh terhadap hasil produksi belum signifikan. Penelitian lebih lanjut disarankan dengan memperluas lokasi, jenis tanah, dan kombinasi pemupukan untuk memperoleh hasil yang lebih konsisten.
Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Prosiding Seminar Nasional Integrasi Pertanian dan Peternakan
KAJIAN KANDUNGAN HARA MAKRO VERMIKOMPOS DARI CAMPURAN DAUN KELAPA SAWIT DAN KOTORAN KAMBING MENGGUNAKAN CACING TANAH AFRICAN NIGHT CRAWLER
Oil palm leaves and goat manure are abundant organic wastes with considerable potential for conversion into organic fertilizers, such as vermicompost (kascing). This study aimed to evaluate the optimal composition of vermicompost derived from mixtures of oil palm leaves and goat manure based on its chemical characteristics and conformity to the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 7763:2024).The research was carried out from October to December 2024 at the Composting Facility, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Science, Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a single factor was applied, consisting of five treatments: 1000 g oil palm leaves, 1000 g goat manure, 500 g oil palm leaves + 500 g goat manure, 750 g goat manure + 250 g oil palm leaves, and 250 g goat manure + 750 g oil palm leaves.The findings revealed that the combination of the two organic materials produced vermicompost with superior chemical quality compared to treatments using a single substrate. The mixture containing 250 g goat manure and 750 g oil palm leaves yielded the most favorable results for pH, organic carbon (C-organic), and macronutrient content (N, P, and K), which met the criteria outlined in SNI 7763:2024. However, the resulting C/N ratio did not fully comply with the SNI standard, indicating the need for further optimization of the substrate ratio. Keywords : vermicompost, oil palm leaves, goat manure, macronutrients, SNI 7763:2024
EKSPLORASI PARASITOID HAMA PENGGEREK BATANG PADI (SCIRPOPHAGA SPP.) PADA PERTANAMAN PADI DI KECAMATAN KETAPING, KABUPATEN PADANG PARIAMAN
Rice stem borers (Scirpophaga spp.) are one of the major pests of rice plants that can cause significant yield losses. This study aims to identify and explore the presence of parasitoids on rice stem borers (Scirpophaga spp.) in Ketaping District, Padang Pariaman Regency, West Sumatra. The method used was a direct survey in rice fields. Rice stem borer eggs found were collected and taken to the laboratory for incubation until parasitoids emerged. Identification was carried out based on the morphology of the parasitoid adults that emerged. The results showed that three parasitoid species were found, namely Telenomus dignus, Eupelmus sp., and Cotesia flavipes. These findings can serve as a basis for sustainable biological control of rice stem borers.
APLIKASI DOSIS PELET KOMPOS TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL BAWANG MERAH (Allium ascalonicum L)
A good fertilizer is a fertilizer that contains complete nutrients (macro and micro), contains organic materials, is sufficient for plant growth, is effective and efficient. Compost pelets added with 2% NPK will produce fertilizer that contains complete nutrients to support optimal plant growth so that the right dosage is needed. This study aims to determine the dosage compost pelets that have been added with 2% NPK fertilizer on the growth and yield of shallots. This research was conducted from January to March 2024 at the UARDS research field and the PEMTA laboratory of the Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau State Islamic University. The method used was a non-factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 6 treatments with 8 replicates. The treatment consists of 250 g compost pelets without NPK, 50 g, 100 g, 150 g, 200 g compost pelets addes NPK 2% and 10 g NPK without compos pelets. The parameters observed were plant height, number of leaves clump, diameter of bulbs, number of bulbs clump, wet weight of bulbs clump, wind dry weight of bulbs clump, and leaf color. The results showed that the treatment of compost pelets dose of 150 g/polybag gave a real influence on the parameters of plant height, number of bulbs clump, wet weight of bulbs clump, and wind dry weight of bulbs clump. It is recommended to use dose of compost pelets 150 g/polybag because it can increase the growth and yield of shallot plants.
HUBUNGAN BOBOT BADAN DAN VOLUME AMBING TERHADAP PRODUKSI SUSU PADA KAMBING PERAH SAANEN DI BALAI BESAR PELATIHAN PETERNAKAN BATU
The aim of this study is to know the weight and udder volume on milk production in Saanen dairy goats at the Batu Animal Husbandry Training Center. Saanen goats are known for their high milk production potential, but this study found that neither body weight nor udder volume significantly influenced milk production. The method used included a quantitative approach with statistical analysis to test hypotheses regarding the influence of these factors. Data were collected from 15 lactating Saanen goats, with measurements including body weight and udder volume, and milk production recorded. While udder volume theoretically has the potential to influence milk yield, the analysis did not show a strong correlation, suggesting that many other factors, including genetics and nutrition, may be more influential. These results emphasize the importance of further research to understand the more complex dynamics behind goat milk production and provide valuable information for livestock farming practices in Indonesia.
TEKNIK BUDI DAYA PINANG DAN DINAMIKA INTERAKSI SOSIALKELOMPOK TANINYA DI KECAMATAN RANGSANG KABUPATEN KEPULAUAN MERANTI
The productivity of areca nut plants is not only influenced by the cultivation techniques applied by the members of the farmer group, but it is also influenced by the dynamics of social interactions between the members. This study aims to describe the cultivation techniques of areca nut farmers and analyze the social interactions of areca nut farmers in their farmer groups (both aspects of communication, social norms, and cooperation) in Repan Village, Rangsang District, Meranti Islands Regency, and to determine the relationship between the application of cultivation techniques and social interactions for areca nut farmer groups. This study was located in Repan Village (the location was chosen because the area is a center for areca nut production). The study was conducted for 3 months (November 2025-January 2025). The research method used was descriptive quantitative, the number of respondents was 40 people (respondents were taken through a census). The data used: primary and secondary data. Analysis of social interactions related to aspects of communication, social norms, individual cooperation in groups. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of areca nut cultivation techniques by members of the Usaha Bersama and Mekar Jaya farmer groups is classified as poor, with an average score of 37.85% (farmer members have not implemented cultivation techniques in accordance with the standard operating procedures established by the Ministry of Agriculture). Meanwhile, member interactions within the Usaha Bersama and Mekar Jaya farmer groups, in terms of communication, social norms, and cooperation, are classified as quite good (scoring 42.16%, 45.87%, and 46.25%, respectively). Furthermore, there is a positive and significant correlation between cultivation techniques and social interaction within the Usaha Bersama and Mekar Jaya farmer groups.
KARAKTERISTIK BIOFISIK VERMIKOMPOS DARI CAMPURAN DAUN KELAPA SAWIT DAN KOTORAN KAMBING MENGGUNAKAN CACING TANAH AFRICAN NIGHT CRAWLER
Oil palm leaves and goat manure are common organic wastes that can be effectively utilized as raw materials for vermicomposting. This study aimed to identify the optimal combination of oil palm leaves and goat manure in producing vermicompost with desirable biophysical characteristics in accordance with the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 7763:2024).The research was conducted from October to December 2024 at the Composting Facility, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Science, Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a single factor was employed, consisting of five treatments: 1000 g oil palm leaves, 1000 g goat manure, 500 g oil palm leaves + 500 g goat manure, 750 g oil palm leaves + 250 g goat manure, and 250 g oil palm leaves + 750 g goat manure.The parameters observed included temperature, color, odor, moisture content, particle size, particle density and Escherichia coli content. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the combination of oil palm leaves and goat manure had a significant effect on several biophysical properties of the vermicompost, particularly on particle size and particle density. Moreover, the vermicompost was found to contain E. coli bacteria at levels that still complied with the SNI standard. The treatment using 1000 g of goat manure produced vermicompost with the most favorable characteristics in terms of odor, texture, temperature, color, and particle size, meeting the quality requirements specified in SNI 7763:2024. Keywords : vermicompost, oil palm leaves, goat manure, biophysical properties, SNI 7763:2024
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF BREEDING BULLS AT THE SINGOSARI NATIONAL ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION CENTER (BBIB SINGOSARI), INDONESIA
The Field Work Practice at the Singosari National Artificial Insemination Center (BBIB Singosari) was conducted to examine the management system of health, reproduction, and semen quality control of breeding bulls to support production efficiency and genetic improvement. This study aimed to evaluate the implementation of livestock management at BBIB Singosari, including animal health, barn sanitation, disease prevention, and waste and environmental management. The methods used involved direct observation, interviews with technical staff, document analysis, and assessment of the management system applied in the field. Data were analyzed descriptively and compared with national and international standards for breeding bull management. The results indicated that BBIB Singosari has implemented regular health examinations, quarantine systems, sanitation control, and reproductive monitoring technologies to maintain bull performance. Waste management was generally well-executed, although improvements in drainage systems and organic waste utilization are still required. Overall, livestock management at BBIB Singosari is considered effective in supporting the success of artificial insemination programs and improving cattle genetic quality, with potential development toward more sustainable livestock management practices. / 1
AKTIVITAS ANTAGONIS ISOLAT BAKTERI DARI RIZOSFER JERUK SIAM (CITRUS NOBILIS LOUR.) TERHADAP FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM
Fusarium oxysporum is a phytopathogenic fungus that causes Fusarium wilt in Citrus nobilis. One environmentally friendly alternative to control this disease is the use of rhizosphere bacteria, which are known to suppress plant pathogens. This study aimed to identify the antagonistic activity of rhizosphere bacteria from C. nobilis against F. oxysporum. Rhizosphere soil samples were collected from C. nobilis plantations in Bagun Purba Timur Jaya Village, Bangun Purba District, Rokan Hulu Regency, Riau Province. Bacterial isolation was conducted using nutrient agar medium, followed by characterization based on colony morphology, Gram reaction, cell shape, catalase activity, and the ability to inhibit F. oxysporum growth. Five bacterial isolates (RJS1, RJS2, RJS3, RJS4, and RJS5) were obtained, with cell counts ranging from 0.41×10⁸ to 1.41×10⁸. The isolates exhibited diverse colony morphologies; all belonged to Gram-negative groups, with rod-shaped cells (RJS1, RJS4, and RJS5) and coccoid-shaped cells (RJS2 and RJS3). All isolates showed catalase activity and inhibited the growth of F. oxysporum by 14.20–57.14%. However, all of the isolates demonstrated antagonistic activity against F. oxysporum.
STUDI KANDUNGAN OKSALAT BAYAM HIJAU (Amaranthus tricolor L.) PADA SISTEM BUDIDAYA HIDROPONIK DAN NON-HIDROPONIKOPONIK DAN NON-HIDROPONIK
Green amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L.) is commonly cultivated by the community using both hydroponic and non-hydroponic systems. This plant contains antinutritional compounds, notably oxalates. The present study aimed to determine the oxalate content in green amaranth cultivated under hydroponic and non-hydroponic conditions. This study was using a single-factor experimental design with two treatment levels: P1 = hydroponic cultivation and P2 = non-hydroponic cultivation of green amaranth. Parameters observed included light intensity, temperature, air humidity, pH, leaf thickness, nitrogen uptake, phosphorus uptake, and oxalate concentration. The results indicated that light intensity, temperature, and air humidity did not differ significantly between the two cultivation systems. However, pH values showed notable differences, while leaf thickness and phosphorus uptake remained consistent across treatments. Nitrogen uptake varied between systems. Furthermore, leaf thickness, nitrogen uptake, and phosphorus uptake exhibited no significant correlation with oxalate levels. Overall, oxalate content in green amaranth was statistically similar between hydroponic and non-hydroponic cultivation methods.
PENGARUH JENIS MEDIA TANAM TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN KAILAN (Brassica oleraceae L.) DENGAN SISTEM HIDROPONIK NFT
Kailan (Brassica oleracea L.) is a vegetable that has advantages compared to other cabbage-type plants. Kailan grows well in a hydroponic system when supported by the appropriate growing medium. This study aimed to determine the best type of growing medium for the growth and yield of kailan plants using the NFT hydroponic system. The research was conducted from March to April 2025 at the Greenhouse of the UARDS Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Science, Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Syarif Kasim This study used a Randomized Block Design consisting of six treatments and four replications, namely M1: brick pieces, M2: fern roots, M3: rockwool, M4: rice husk charcoal, M5: cocopeat, and M6: sponge. The observed parameters included plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, stem diameter, root length, fresh weight, dry weight, and chlorophyll content. Rockwool and cocopeat has an effect on the growth and yield of kailan plants in the NFT hydroponic system. The rockwool and cocopeat growing medium is the best medium to support the growth and yield of kailan plants in the NFT hydroponic system.
KEANEKARAGAMAN DAN KARAKTERISASI FISIOLOGIS BAKTERI RIZOSFER TANAMAN NANAS (Ananas comosus L. MERR) DI DESA RIMBO PANJANG, KAMPAR, RIAU
Rhizosphere bacteria play a significant role in enhancing plant growth and health through nutrient cycling and biological control mechanisms. This study aimed to explore the diversity and physiological characteristics of rhizosphere bacteria associated with pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr) cultivated in Rimbo Panjang Village, Kampar, Riau. Soil samples were collected diagonally at a depth of 0–20 cm around the pineapple roots, and bacterial isolation was carried out using Nutrient Agar (NA) medium. The isolated colonies were characterized morphologically and physiologically through KOH, Gram staining, catalase, and oxidase tests. Six bacterial isolates (RN1–RN6) were successfully obtained, showing variations in colony morphology, including color, elevation, and edge structure. Physiological tests revealed that five isolates were Gram-positive and one isolate was Gram-negative, with all isolates showing positive catalase and negative oxidase activities. The dominance of Gram-positive bacteria suggests stable soil microbial conditions and potential functional roles in plant growth promotion and biological control. These findings provide preliminary information for further molecular identification and functional testing of rhizosphere bacteria as potential biofertilizers and bioprotectants in sustainable pineapple cultivation.
ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN USAHA TANI KELAPA SAWIT DENGAN TEKNIK LAND APPLICATION DAN NON LAND APPLICATION
Efforts can be made to overcome the problem of palm oil mill effluent by utilizing it as liquid organic fertilizer through a land application system. Land application has nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium elements that can increase production. This research was conducted at PT Kimia Tirta Utama, Siak Regency, in December 2024 to January 2025. This research uses descriptive and quantitative methods, sampling is done by purposive or deliberate methods. The data used are primary data and secondary data. The results of farming analysis showed that the average production of oil palm in 2022, 2023, and 2024 with land application technique amounted to 346,063 kg and non land application technique amounted to 356,160 kg. The palm oil production stage using the land application technique involves controlling the flow of liquid waste from palm oil mills, waste analysis, and harvesting. The palm oil production stage on non-land application land includes the application of inorganic fertilizers and harvesting.
HUBUNGAN KARAKTERISTIK MAKROSKOPIS DAN MIKROSKOPIS SEMEN SAPI BALI
Semen quality is a major factor in the selection of Bali bulls to support the success of artificial insemination programmes and increase livestock productivity. Semen quality can be evaluated by assessing macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. This study aimed to determine the relationship between macroscopic characteristics (volume, pH, viscosity) and microscopic characteristics (motility, individual movement, concentration) of Bali cattle semen. The research material used fresh semen from 13 Bali bulls kept at the Tenayan Raya IBT Technical Implementation Unit, Riau Province Livestock and Animal Health Service. The study used a census method. The data obtained were calculated by displaying the mean and standard deviation values, while the correlation values were analysed using Minitab statistical software. The variables observed were the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of Bali cattle semen. The results showed that the average macroscopic values of Bali cattle semen were 6.13±1.58 for volume, 6.20±0.03 for pH, and 1.51±0.24 for viscosity. The average microscopic values of Bali cattle were motility 73.66±6.58%, individual movement 2.47±0.29, and concentration 988.93±149.21 million/ml. Correlation analysis showed that the values of volume against motility, individual movement and concentration were 0.40; 0.39; -0.13. pH against motility, individual movement and concentration were -0.40; -0.10; 0.14. The correlation between viscosity and motility, individual movement, and concentration was 0.25, 0.29, and 0.96. It can be concluded that the highest correlation with a strong positive relationship in macroscopic and microscopic characteristics is found in the viscosity value against the concentration of Bali bull semen.
RESPON PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL BAWANG MERAH (Allium ascalonicum L.) TERHADAP PEMBERIAN POC CAMPURAN LIMBAH KULIT NANAS DAN CANGKANG TELUR
Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) is a horticultural commodity with high economic value. The use of liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) made from pineapple peel and eggshells can be a potential solution to improve shallot growth. This study aimed to determine the best dosage of pineapple peel and eggshell LOF for the growth and yield of shallots. The research was conducted at the Agronomy and Agrostology Laboratory, UIN Agriculture Research and Development Station (UARDS), from February to April 2025, using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a non-factorial arrangement consisting of five treatments: (N0 = 0 ml LOF/L, N1 = 25 ml LOF/L, N2 = 50 ml LOF/L, N3 = 75 ml LOF/L, N4 = 100 ml LOF/L), each replicated five times. The observed parameters included plant height, number of leaves, number of tillers, number of bulbs per clump, bulb diameter, bulb height, fresh bulb weight per clump, dry bulb weight per clump, fresh biomass weight per clump, and dry biomass weight per clump. The results showed that the application of pineapple peel and eggshell LOF had no significant effect on plant height, number of leaves, number of tillers, number of bulbs per clump, and bulb height. However, it had a significant effect on bulb diameter and fresh biomass weight per clump, and a highly significant effect on fresh bulb weight per clump, dry bulb weight per clump, and dry biomass weight per clump. The application of 50 ml LOF per plant was found to be the best concentration.
ANALISIS EFISIENSI USAHA TANI PADI BIOFORTIFIKASI (Inpari Nutri Zinc)
Inpari Nutri Zinc rice is one of the biofortified rice varieties developed in Rokan Hulu Regency to help address nutritional deficiencies. This study aims to analyze the efficiency of Inpari Nutri Zinc rice farming in Rokan Hulu Regency. The research was conducted in Rambah Utama Village, Rambah Samo District, Rokan Hulu Regency, Riau Province, from January to March 2024. A survey method was employed, and the sample was determined using the Slovin technique, resulting in 35 respondents. Both primary and secondary data were used. The analytical methods applied included cost analysis, income analysis, and farming efficiency analysis. The results showed that the average farming cost was Rp 10,321,987 per hectare, with a production of 3,073 kg per hectare, revenue of Rp 44,566,294 per hectare, and an R/C ratio of 4.318, which is greater than 1. Inpari Nutri Zinc biofortified rice farming practiced by farmers is efficient and feasible for further development.
KEANEKARAGAMAN LALAT BUAH (Diptera: tephritidae) PARASITOID DAN PREDATOR PADA PERTANAMAN JAMBU BIJI DI KOTA PEKANBARU
Fruit flies (Bactrocera spp.) are major pests of guava (Psidium guajava) plantations that can reduce both the quality and quantity of yields. This study aimed to identify species of fruit flies, parasitoids, and predators present in guava plantations in Pekanbaru City. The methods used included direct field observations, sampling of symptomatic fruits, installation of methyl eugenol traps, and host fruit rearing to observe the emergence of fruit flies and parasitoids. The results showed that the fruit fly species attacking guava were Bactrocera carambolae and B. papayae, while trap catches revealed B. carambolae, B. papayae, B. cucurbitae, and B. umbrosa. Although no parasitoids emerged from the rearing process, field surveys recorded the presence of Opius sp. (Family Braconidae). In addition, seven predator species from various orders were identified, with the highest number of individuals belonging to the family Gerridae. These findings indicate that the guava plantation ecosystem possesses natural potential for biological control of fruit flies, although parasitoid populations remain low. Habitat conservation and more intensive monitoring strategies are needed to enhance the effectiveness of natural enemies as part of Integrated Pest Management (IPM).
OPTIMALISASI PERAN MAGGOT DALAM PENINGKATAN KANDUNGAN UNSUR HARA MAKRO KOMPOS BERBASIS AMPAS TAHU DENGAN PENAMBAHAN KOTORAN AYAM
Tofu dregs represent a significant by-product of tofu production that contributes to solid waste accumulation. One potential approach to managing this waste is composting, enhanced through the addition of chicken manure and maggots (Hermetia illucens) as biological decomposers. This study aimed to determine the most effective maggot density for improving the macro-nutrient quality of tofu dreg compost enriched with chicken manure, following the RSNI3 7763:2024 compost quality standard. The experiment was conducted at Gunung Raya Street No. 69, Tenayan Raya District, Rejosari Village, Pekanbaru, Riau, with chemical analyses performed at the Wiwiadia Bintang Sains Padang Education Laboratory from May to June 2025. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was applied, consisting of four treatments: P0 (control, no maggots), P1 (50 g maggots), P2 (100 g maggots), and P3 (150 g maggots), each replicated five times. Parameters measured included pH, total nitrogen (N), available phosphorus (P), total potassium (K), organic carbon (C), and the C/N ratio. The results indicated that maggot application significantly enhanced the macro-nutrient content of tofu dreg compost. The treatment with 150 g of maggots (P3) yielded the highest improvement in total N, P, K, organic C, C/N ratio, and pH values, demonstrating its effectiveness in producing nutrient-rich compost. Keywords : maggot, tofu dregs, chicken manure, compost quality, macronutrients
PENGARUH ZAT PENGATUR TUMBUH TERHADAP INDUKSI KALUS TANAMAN GAMBIR (Uncaria gambir ROXB.) ASAL PAKPAK BHARAT
Callus induction is a crucial stage in plant tissue culture, especially for species such as Uncaria gambir, which holds high potential in the pharmaceutical and agricultural industries. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of two combinations of plant growth regulators (PGRs)—2,4-D with kinetin versus NAA with BAP—in inducing high-quality callus based on morphological parameters: time of callus emergence, callus texture, and callus color. The study was conducted using a non-factorial Complete Randomized Design (CRD), consisting of two experimental series. The first series comprised 12 combinations of 2,4-D (0, 1, 2, and 3 ppm) with kinetin (0.5, 1, and 1.5 ppm), while the second series consisted of 20 combinations of NAA (0, 0.25, 0.75, and 1 ppm) with BAP (0, 0.75, 1.5, and 2.25 ppm). The results showed that the combination of 2,4-D at 2 ppm without kinetin produced the earliest callus emergence (7.2 days), with 80% friable texture and a dominant greenish-white color (80%), which are key indicators of meristematic and viable callus. In contrast, NAA–BAP combinations generally resulted in slower callus formation (emergence >15 days), compact texture, and yellowish-white or greenish-white coloration. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences (p<0.05) among treatments, demonstrating that the 2,4-D–kinetin combination is more effective in inducing callus, and recommended as the optimal protocol for callus culture and cell suspension culture in gambier plants.
GAMBARAN ERITROSIT, LEUKOSIT DAN HEMOGLOBIN AYAM KAMPUNG YANG DIPELIHARA DI DAERAH TROPIS : STUDI KASUS KECAMATAN BUNGA RAYA KABUPATEN SIAK PROVINSI RIAU
Kampung chicken was the Indonesian native genetic resource that has been reared at highlands and lowlands. Bunga Raya is one of the areas in Riau Province that has hot climates, where the temperature during the day is around 25-32°C. The aim of the study was to determine the hematological profile of kampung chickens reared in hot tropical climates by conducting a case study in Bunga Raya, Siak, Riau Province. The study used 35 adult kampung chickens. Parameters in the study were erythrocyte, leukocyte and hemoglobin. The results showed that the consentrations of the erythrocytes was 2.38±0.01 x 106/mm3, the leukocyte was 17.26±0.5 x 103/mm3, and the hemoglobin was 10.85±0.3 g/dL, those three blood parameters were in the normal range. Based on the blood profile in this study, it could be concluded that the kampung chickens have adapted to the hot climate of the tropics.
HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN DAN ASUPAN ENERGI DENGAN KURANG ENERGI KRONIS (KEK) PADA IBU HAMIL WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS SEDINGINAN KABUPATEN ROKAN HILIR
CED includes conditions related to mother experincing long-term ebergy and nutrient deficiencies. This study aims to determine the correlation between knowledge and energy intake with chronic energy deficiency (CED) in pregnant women in the Working Area of Sedinginan Health Center, Rokan Hilir Regency. The type of this research is an analytical survey with a cross-sectional approach. The sampling method for this research is proportional random sampling with 70 respondents. The results of the univariate test of respondents' knowledge as follows, insufficient knowledge 62.9%, and energy intake, the majority of respondents 67.1% had insufficient energy intake. The nutritional status of pregnant women who do not experience chronic energy deficiency CED is 55.7%, and 44.3% experience CED. The results of the chi-square test analysis showed a significant relationship between knowledge and KEK (p-value = 0.009) and energy intake with KEK (p-value = 0.000) value OR 9,285 in pregnant women in the working area of the Sedinginan Health Center. Conclusion, there is a correlation between knowledge and energy intake with chronic energy deficiency in pregnant women in the Working Area of Sedinginan Health Center, Rokan Hilir Regency. Keywords: chronic energy deficiency, energy intake, knowledge, pregnant women.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN INFUSA BUNGA TELANG (Clitoria ternatea L.) DALAM AIR MINUM TERHADAP PERFORMA BURUNG PUYUH PERIODE PRA-PRODUKSI
This study aimed to determine the effect of butterfly pea flower infusion (Clitoria ternatea L.) in drinking water on the performance of quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) during the pre-production period. The butterfly pea flower infusion was obtained by mixing 1 kg of dried flowers with 4 L of water at 90°C. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 6 replications. Each replication consisted of 4 one-week-old quail with an initial weight of 15.53±1.36 g per bird. The butterfly pea flower infusion treatments included P0 (drinking water without butterfly pea flower infusion), P1 (drinking water + 0.1% infusion), P2 (drinking water + 0.2% infusion), and P3 (drinking water + 0.3% infusion). The observed variables included feed intake, water intake, body weight gain, feed conversion, and first laying age. The results showed that the administration of butterfly pea flower infusion had no effect (P>0.05) on all quail performance variables during the pre-production period. However, numerically, the best weight gain was found in quail given 0.2% butterfly pea flower infusion. It can be concluded that the administration of butterfly pea flower infusion in drinking water has no negatively affect to quail performance, so it can be used as an alternative natural additive in drinking water.
KUALITAS FISIK, pH DAN NILAI FLEIGH SILASE TEBON JAGUNG DAN DAUN SINGKONG DENGAN KOMPOSISI YANG BERBEDA
The availability of high-quality forage often becomes a challenge in ruminant livestock farming, especially during the dry season or when land is limited. This issue highlights the need for alternative feed sources that are economical, nutritious, and capable of being preserved for extended periods, one of which is through the ensiling process. The combination of corn straw and cassava leaves has the potential to produce hight quality silage. This study aims to determine the effect of the comparison of corn straw and cassava leaves on the physical quality, pH, and fleigh value of silage. The research was conducted in March–April 2025 at the Nutrition and Feed Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Islamic University of Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau. This study used an experimental method with a complete randomized design (CRD), consisting of five treatments and four replication. The parameters observed were odor, color, texture, presence of mold, pH, and fleigh value. The results showed that the difference in ingredient composition was significantly (P<0.05) on texture, mold, and fleigh value, but had no effect (P>0.05) on aroma, color, and pH. It can be concluded that the best treatment was a composition of 25% corn straw and 75% cassava leaves with an odor value of 3.38, color of 3.37, texture of 2.93, presence of fungi 3.48, pH of 4.29, fleigh value of 126.54.
RISK INDEX OF TOXOPLASMA GONDII CONTAMINATION IN MEAT SOLD TRADITIONALLY IN PEKANBARU CITY AND SURROUNDING AREAS
The hygiene and sanitation conditions of traditional markets selling meat are often less than optimal, so they tend to be at risk of transmitting zoonotic pathogens, including Toxoplasma gondii. The aim of this study was to measure the risk index of T. gondii contamination in chicken, beef and goat meat sold in traditional markets in Pekanbaru City. A cross-sectional survey design was employed, involving 278 chicken meat stalls, 104 beef stalls, and 105 goat meat stalls which were selected through purposive sampling. The survey evaluated five key components: facility sanitation, vendor hygiene, meat handling and storage, environmental conditions and pest presence, and equipment cleanliness. Each observation component was scored on a three-point scale: low (0), moderate (1), and high (2). Data were analyzed descriptively to determine percentage distributions, which were subsequently converted into qualitative risk indices. The results showed that the risk index of T. gondii contamination was 45.85% for chicken, 47.24% for beef, and 60.12% for goat meat. These values indicate a moderate level of contamination risk for all three meat types. The findings emphasize the importance of improving hygiene and sanitation standards in traditional markets to minimize the potential risk of T. gondii transmission to consumers.
FENILALANIN DARI KEFIR SUSU KAMBING ETAWA SEBAGAI INHIBITOR JAK1/JAK2: POTENSI TERAPI INFLAMASI SISTEMIK DALAM ANALISIS IN SILICO
Systemic inflammation is a body's response to exposure to infectious and non-infectious diseases. Systemic inflammatory conditions can regulate life-threatening multi-organ dysfunction syndrome. This study aims to analyze the phenylalanine activity of etawa goat milk kefir in inhibiting the JAK1/JAK2 pathway in systemic inflammatory conditions. The research method used in silico molecular docking modeling. The receptors used were JAK1 (PDB ID 6N77) and JAK2 (PDB ID 7Q7L). The test ligand of etawa goat milk kefir used is phenylalamine. The comparator ligand used is baricitinib. The parameters analyzed were RMSD values, affinity energy, inhibition content, organ toxicity test, and receptor-ligand interaction. The data from the research were analyzed descriptively. The RMSD value of JAK1/JAK2 is less than 2 Å, respectively, which is 1.7463 and 1.6307 Å. Affinity energy values showed that phenylalanine had more negative values than baricitinib at the JAK1/JAK2 receptor, which were -5.7/-6.0 and -3.3/-3.5 kcal/mol, respectively. Analysis of %BSS values showed that phenylalanine had a greater value than baricitinib as a comparator drug, even the %BSS value of phenylalanine in JAK1 had a value of > 50%. Organ toxicity tests showed that phenylalanine or baricitinib were not hepatotoxic and nephrotroxic. Based on in silico analysis, it is known that phenylalanine from etawa goat milk kefir has better interacting and inhibiting activity against JAK1/JAK2 than baricitinib. This indicates that phenylalanine from etawa goat's milk kefir has better potential in the development of systemic inflammatory therapy.
UJI EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK DAUN MAHONI DAN DAUN KETAPANG TERHADAP MORTALITAS HAMA KUTU PUTIH (Paracoccus marginatus) SECARA IN VITRO
Control of white lice (Paracoccus marginatus) can be done chemically, but this has a negative impact on the environment. An environmentally friendly alternative that can be used is a botanical pesticide such as mahogany leaf extract (Swietenia mahagoni L.) and ketapang leaf extract (Terminalia catappa L.). This study aims to obtain the most effective concentration of mahogany leaf extract and ketapang leaf extract on the mortality of mealybug pests (Paracoccus marginatus) in vitro. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Pathology, Entomology, Microbiology and Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Science Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau from February to March 2025. This study used a Completely Randomized Design with 6 treatments, namely P0-= aquades, P0+= lambda sialotrin+thiamethoxam 2 mL/L, and a combination of mahogany leaf extract and ketapang leaf at concentrations of P1 = 5%, P2 = 10%, P3 = 15%, and P4 = 20% with 4 replications, totaling 24 experimental units. The parameters observed were the initial time of death, daily mortality, LC50, and total mortality. The results showed that the combination of mahogany leaf extract and ketapang leaf 20% was the the most effective treatment with an initial time of whitefly death of 4.75 hours and a total mortality of 100%, and an LC50 value of 31.78%. It is recommended to use a different application methods or on a field scale.
NILAI WSC, PRODUKSI NH3 DAN VFA WAFER RANSUM KOMPLIT BERBAHAN AMPAS SAGU DALAM RANSUM SECARA IN VITRO
Sago dregs are a type of plantation waste that contains high levels of carbohydrates, high crude fiber, and low protein, thus requiring further processing in the form of complete ration wafers. This study aimed to evaluate the WSC value, NH₃ production, and VFA of complete ration wafers based on sago dregs in ration formulation in vitro. The study was conducted at the Laboratory of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Sultan Syarif Kasim State Islamic University of Riau, and the in vitro analysis was carried out at the Dairy Nutrition Laboratory, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor. The research was conducted from February 2025 to March 2025. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used with four treatments and four replications: P0: complete ration wafer + 0% sago dregs, P1: complete ration wafer + 10% sago dregs, P2: complete ration wafer + 20% sago dregs, P3: complete ration wafer + 30% sago dregs. The parameters measured were WSC value, NH₃ production, and total VFA. The results showed that complete ration wafers based on sago dregs had a highly significant effect (P<0.01) on WSC value, NH₃ production, and total VFA. The addition of 30% sago dregs did not result in the highest WSC value, NH₃ production, and total VFA. The best treatment was obtained from the addition of 10% sago dregs with a WSC value of 12.24%, NH₃ production of 7.52 mM, and total VFA of 129.81 mM.
EVALUASI EFEKTIVITAS BERBAGAI METODE SKARIFIKASI TERHADAP PEMATAHAN DORMANSI BENIH MUCUNA BRACTEATA
Mucuna bracteata is a widely utilized leguminous cover crop (LCC) in oil palm plantations due to its ability to reduce soil erosion, suppress weed growth, and enhance soil organic matter. However, the species exhibits seed dormancy caused by its hard seed coat, which limits germination. Overcoming this dormancy requires specific pre-germination treatments such as scarification. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of different scarification techniques in breaking the seed dormancy of M. bracteata. The experiment was conducted at the UIN Agriculture Research and Development Station (UARDS) Laboratory from January to February 2025 using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments: control (no scarification), cutting, scratching with a cutter, and sanding. Each treatment was replicated four times, with 25 seeds per experimental unit. Parameters observed included germination percentage, vigor index, plant height, number of leaves, fresh weight, and dry weight. The findings revealed that all scarification treatments significantly improved seed germination and growth performance compared to the control.
SIFAT FISIK DAN KARAKTERISTIK PUPUK KOMPOS KOMBINASI FESES KAMBING DAN RUSA SAMBAR DENGAN PENAMBAHAN EFFECTIVE MICROORGANISMS
Compost is an organic fertilizer derived from the fermentation of solid and liquid manure (urine) from livestock. Compost contains the macronutrients essential for plant growth, including nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), as well as micronutrients such as calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sulfur (S). Fertilization is typically carried out in the soil by adding artificial fertilizers, green manure, and compost to enhance the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil. The use of compost can add nutrients and improve the physical and biological properties of the soil. Sambar deer (Cervus unicolor) manure is grouped into one group with the same texture as goat manure. The C/N ratio in goats is generally still above >30, while deer manure has a C/N ratio of >35. A combination of compost from deer and goat feces with the addition of effective microorganisms is expected to improve nutrients and increase soil fertility. The study found that EM4 at various concentrations positively affected the physical properties of compost derived from a combination of goat and sambar deer feces. All treatments showed changes in physical properties, ranging from a pungent odor to an earthy odor, from brown to blackish color, and from a smooth texture to a crumbly, earthy texture. Treatment with a higher EM4 concentration (P4) accelerated the odor removal process, color formation, cooked texture, and pH closer to neutral compared to the control (P0).
KARAKTERISTIK FERMENTASI DAN MUTU SILASE CAMPURAN PELEPAH KELAPA SAWIT DAN INDIGOFERA ZOLLINGERIANA DENGAN PENAMBAHAN MOLASES
ABSTRACT Oil palm fronds have high fiber and low digestibility; thus, they were mixed with Indigofera zollingeriana and fermented using molasses to improve silage quality. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of molasses addition on the quality of oil palm frond–Indigofera zollingeriana silage. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments and five replications was used, consisting of molasses levels of 0%, 1.50%, 3%, 4.50%, and 6% of dry matter. Observed variables included dry matter (DM), dry matter loss (DML), pH, and Fleigh value (FV), analyzed using ANOVA and DMRT at a 5% level. Molasses addition significantly affected DM, DML, pH, and FV. The 6% molasses treatment (P5) produced the best silage quality with the highest DM (31.7±1.28), lowest DML (3.32±1.28), lowest pH (4.31±0.71), and highest FV (98.9±0.71). Keywords: Fleigh value, indigofera, molasses, oil palm fronds, pH, silage ABSTRAK Pelepah kelapa sawit memiliki serat tinggi dan kecernaan rendah, sehingga dicampur dengan Indigofera zollingeriana dan difermentasi menggunakan molases untuk meningkatkan kualitas silase. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh penambahan molases terhadap kualitas silase campuran pelepah kelapa sawit dan Indigofera zollingeriana. Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan lima perlakuan dan lima ulangan digunakan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu penambahan molases 0%, 1,50%, 3%, 4,50%, dan 6% dari bahan kering. Peubah yang diamati meliputi bahan kering (BK), kehilangan bahan kering (KBK), pH, dan nilai Fleigh (NF), dianalisis dengan ANOVA dan uji DMRT 5%. Hasil penelitian ini, penambahan molases berpengaruh nyata terhadap kandungan BK, kehilangan BK, pH, serta nilai Fleigh silase. Perlakuan P5 dengan dosis molases 6% BK menghasilkan nilai BK tertinggi (31,7±1,28), kehilangan bahan kering terendah (3,32±1,28), pH paling rendah (4,31±0,71), dan nilai Fleigh tertinggi (98,9±0,71).. Perlakuan terbaik diperoleh pada 6% molases dengan BK tertinggi, KBK terendah, pH terendah, dan NF tertinggi. Kata Kunci: Indigofera, molases, nilai Fleigh, pelepah sawit, pH, silase
KUALITAS FISIK SILASE DAUN PELEPAH SAWIT SILASE YANG DISUBSTITUSI LAMTORO (Leucaena leucochepala) DENGAN LEVEL BERBEDA
Oil palm fronds have nutritional potential as animal feed. Due to their high fiber content, fermentation into forage silage is necessary. Leucaena will be added to palm frond silage to increase its protein content. This study aims to evaluate the physical quality of the silage, including aroma, mold presence, color, texture, and pH. The research will be conducted from December 2024 to January 2025 at the Laboratory of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Science, Sultan Syarif Kasim Islamic State University, Riau. The study is experimental, using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments and five replications: T1 = 100% palm fronds, T2 = 95% oil palm frond leaves + 5% Leucaena, T3 = 90% oil palm frond leaves + 10% Leucaena, and T4 = 85% oil palm frond leaves + 15% Leucaena. Observed parameters include aroma, mold presence, color, texture, and pH. The collected data will be analyzed using various methods with a 5% Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) for follow-up comparisons. The results showed that the Effect of Leucaena addition on oil palm frond silage had a highly significant effect (P<0.01) on aroma, mold presence, color, and texture, but no significant effect (P>0.05) on pH. The addition of Leucaena at varying levels to oil palm frond leaf silage improved its physical quality, with color values ranging from 3.543 to 3.450 (yellowish-green), aroma from 3.652 to 3.537 (sour), mold presence from 2.866 to 2.802 (moderate), texture from 3.780 to 3.723 (firm), and pH from 3.97 to 4.09 (good quality). The conclusion of this study is that the treatment with 95% oil palm frond + 5% (lamtoro) + 5% corn flour + 5% molasses produced the best results in terms of aroma, color, and texture compared to other treatments.
PERBEDAAN TINGKAT LANTAI TERHADAP KONDISI MIKROKLIMAT DAN RESPON FISIOLOGIS AYAM PEDAGING PADA KANDANG TERBUKA
The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in microclimate conditions and physiological responses of broiler chickens in a multi-tier open house system. The research material used 150 broiler of the Cobb strain consisting of 15 pens on each tier, with each pen containing 5 birds. The method used was an experimental method with 2 treatments: T1 = lower tier and T2 = upper tier. Data were analyzed using an Independent Samples T-test and Mann-Whitney test according to the data distribution. The observed variables included temperature, humidity, heat stress index (HSI), heart rate, respiratory rate, panting, and rectal temperature. The results showed that temperature, humidity, and HSI were not significantly different (T>0.05) between tiers. The difference in tier level had a significant effect on heart rate, respiratory rate, and panting (T<0.05), with higher values observed in the upper tier, while rectal temperature was not significantly different (T>0.05). It is concluded that the difference in tier level in an open house system increases physiological heat stress in broiler chickens, as indicated by the increase in heart rate, respiratory rate, and panting.
DINAMIKA PENYESUAIAN HARGA KOMODITAS PANGAN FLUKTUASI DI KOTA TASIKMALAYA
Price adjustments in agricultural commodity marketing institutions fluctuate in relation to driving and inhibiting factors. This study aims to determine the relationship between driving and inhibiting factors on the fluctuating price policy of agricultural products. This study was conducted at Cikurubuk Market as largest market in Tasikmalaya City by taking red chili and cayenne pepper as food commodities with largest fluctuations in the volatile food group. sample in this study were 30 red chili and cayenne pepper traders. The data were analyzed using nonparametric analysis. results showed that four (5) of the five (5) driving factors were related to chili price policies at the retailer level, namely raw materials, competitors, shipping costs and seasons. Meanwhile, three (3) of the six (6) inhibiting factors, including competitors, relative percentages, and agreements, were related to chili price policies at the retailer level.
STRATEGI INTERVENSI MENINGKATKAN KETAHANAN TOMAT (Solanum lycopersicum L.) TERHADAP FLUKTUASI SUHU BERDASARKAN RESPON FISIOLOGI DAN MOLEKULER
Climate change exacerbates the occurrence and intensity of temperature fluctuation. Extreme temperature fluctuations, both low (chilling) and high (heat), are a major limiting factors on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) production that significantly reduce growth, yield, and quality. This article aims to synthesize recent findings on the physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses of tomato plants to low and high temperature stress, and explore potential adaptation and mitigation strategies on it. This article use a literature review method where the literatures are taken from Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases using the following keywords: "tomato" OR "Solanum lycopersicum", "chilling stress" OR "cold stress", "heat stress" OR "thermotolerance". Articles resulting from those database were filtered based on the inclusion criteria like research articles, published between 2020-2025, focusing on studies in physiology, biochemistry, molecular biology, and genetics. The result on this review show that low temperature impaires plant membrane integrity, photoinhibition, accumulation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), and metabolic imbalance. Meanwhile, high temperature causes protein denaturation, inhibition of photosynthetic enzymes, increased evaporation, and disruption in the reproductive process on plant. Tomato adapts to these stresses by accumulating osmoprotectant compounds, increasing the activity of the antioxidant system, synthesizing HSPs proteins, modulating plant hormones and intracellular signaling pathways. Intervention strategies for temperature stress in tomatoes are recommended through breeding approaches, appropriate cultivation practices, application of exogenous compounds, and modulation of the TOR pathway. A thorough understanding of these mechanisms is a crucial foundation for designing sustainable strategies to increase tomato resilience to climate fluctuations and ensure food security.
PERAN NAUNGAN PEPAYA (Carica papaya L.) DAN PISANG (Musa paradisiaca L.) DALAM MENINGKATKAN POPULASI SERANGGA MUSUH ALAMI, PREDATOR DAN PARASITOID PADA KAKAO (Theobroma cacao L.)
The purpose of this study is to determine the presence of natural enemies and pollinating insects on cocoa plants (Theobroma cacao L.). This research was conducted during the vegetative phase, using the method of direct field observation. Insects collected from the nest were brought to the laboratory for observation. The research results show that using yellow traps, 44 insect genera were found in cocoa plantations shaded by papaya, and 38 insect genera were found in cocoa plantations shaded by bananas. The level of insect diversity in cocoa plantations shaded by bananas and papaya is considered good. This finding indicates that the pest population is naturally suppressed by pollinators and natural enemies at the research site. The results of the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') analysis showed moderate diversity in both locations, the species evenness index (E') indicated a high category in both locations, the species richness index (R') showed a high category in both areas, and the dominance index (C') indicated a low category for both areas. This research is expected to serve as a foundation for sustainable, environmentally friendly, and ecologically friendly pest control approaches.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN CMS (CONDENSED MOLASSES SOLUBLES) DALAM PAKAN TERHADAP KANDUNGAN KOLESTEROL, PROTEIN, LEMAK DAN WARNA KUNING TELUR ITIK PETELUR MOJOSARI
Low egg consumption is caused by high fat and cholesterol content. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of using Condensed Molasses Solubles (CMS) in feed on cholesterol, protein, fat, and egg yolk color content in Mojosari laying ducks. The materials used were 100 laying ducks aged 34 weeks and CMS produced by PT. Daesang Ingredients Indonesia. The method used was a field experiment using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), consisting of 5 treatments with 4 replicates for each treatment. Each replicate consisted of 5 Mojosari ducks. The duck feed treatments consisted of T0: 100% basal feed, T1: 97.5% basal feed + 2.5% CMS, T2: 95% basal feed + 5.0% CMS, T3: 92.5% basal feed + 7.5% CMS, T4: 90.0% basal feed + 10.0% CMS. The variables observed were cholesterol, protein, fat, and egg yolk color content. The data obtained will be analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). If the test results show a significant effect on the treatment, further analysis will be performed using Duncan's Multi Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that the treatment had a very significant effect (P<0.01) on the cholesterol, fat, and protein content of the egg yolk, but no significant effect (P>0.05) on the intensity of the egg yolk color. The results of the study concluded that the use of 7.5% CMS gave the best results.
ANALISIS EKONOMI USAHA TANI DAN PROSPEK PENGEMBANGAN KELAPA (COCOS NUCIFERA L.) DI KELURAHAN METRO, KECAMATAN RETEH, KABUPATEN INDRAGIRI HILIR.
Developing the agricultural sector through increased income is key to economic analysis in maintaining the sustainability of the coconut plantation. An economic analysis of coconut cultivation is crucial for evaluating the feasibility of this agricultural venture. The purpose of this study was to analyzed the economic aspects of coconut farming and describe its development prospects in Metro Village, Reteh District, Indragiri Hilir Regency, Riau Province. The research employed a descriptive quantitative method with 50 farmer respondents selected using purposive sampling. Primary data were obtained through field observations and direct interviews, while secondary data were collected from relevant institutions and supporting literature. The results indicate economically, the average variable cost incurred was IDR 13.654.660. with total revenue reaching IDR 65,912,000, resulting in a net income of IDR 50.954.340 per growing season. The R/C ratio value of 4.40 indicates that coconut farming in Metro Village is economically feasible and efficient for further development. Coconut cultivation has good development potential, supported by cultivation aspects, farmer social conditions, and very high economic efficiency. The profit margin reaches 77.3% of revenue, and the relatively low break-even point (BEP) of 3,177 kg/year indicates that farmers only need to produce 23% of their total production.
HUBUNGAN KARAKTERISTIK IBU SERTA ASUPAN ENERGI DAN ZAT GIZI MAKRO TERHADAP STATUS GIZI BALITA DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS HARAPAN RAYA KOTA PEKANBARU
Nutritional status is a condition that develops as a result of the balance between food intake and the amount of nutrients used for the body’s metabolism. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation between maternal characteristics and food intake with the nutritional status of toddlers in the working area of Harapan Raya Public Health Center, Pekanbaru City. The research used a cross-sectional design. Sampling was carried out using a purposive sampling technique with a total of 68 toddlers. Data were analyzed using the Spearman-Rho test. Result: However, the results also showed no significant correlation between protein, fat, and carbohydrate intake and toddler nutritional status. In addition, there was no significant correlation between maternal education, employment status, or number of children and the nutritional status of toddlers (p > 0,05). The conclusion of this study that there was a significant correlation between energy intake and the nutritional status of toddlers in the working area of Harapan Raya Public Health Center, Pekanbaru City.
HUBUNGAN ASUPAN ZAT GIZI MAKRO DAN PENGETAHUAN GIZI TERHADAP KEKURANGAN ENERGI KRONIK (KEK) PADA IBU HAMIL DI KECAMATAN TAPUNG
Chronic energy deficiency (CED) is a condition in which the mother suffers from a lack of energy intake characterized by a LiLA <23,5 cm. CED in pregnant women is one of the nutritional problems that can be caused by food intake (energi and macronutrients) and nutritional knowledge. The aimed of the study was to analyze the correlation between energy iand macronutriens intake, as well as nutritional knowledge on chronic energy deficiency (CED) in pregnant women in Tapung District. The study was an observational analysis with a cross sectional study design. The population of the study was pregnant womens. The sampling technique was accidental sampling and a sample size of 70 people was obtained. The results showed that most pregnant women in the Tapung Distric were in the moderate category 47,1%, good 27,1%, and deficit 27,1%. The carbohydrate intake was in the modarate category 54,3%, deficit 28,6%, and good 17,1%. The protein intake was in the moderate category 52,9%, deficit 31,4%, and good 15,7%. The fat intake was in the moderate category of 51,4%, good 34,3%, and deficit 14,3%. The nutritional knowledge of pregnant women was in the good category 91,4% and sufficient 8,6%. The most pregnant women do not experience CED was 77,1% and are at risk of CED was 22,9%. The result of the chi-square test showed that energy intake (p=0,000), carbohydrate intake (p=0,010), protein intake (p=0,001), fat intake (p=0,007), and nutritional knowledge (p=0,128). The conclusion of the study that there was a correlation between macronutrients intake to chronic energy deficiency (CED), but there was no correlation between nutritional knowledge and chronic energy deficiency (CED) in pregnant women in Tapung District
STRATEGI IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN PERLINDUNGAN LAHAN PERTANIAN PANGAN BERKELANJUTAN
This study examines the implementation of the Sustainable Food Crop Land Protection Policy (PLP2B) in Gorontalo Regency using an integrated Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) and Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) approach. Data collection involved expert questionnaires and in-depth interviews with nine key stakeholders. Analysis identifies farmers and civil society as critical institutional elements (Level 1) in the policy framework. Inadequate government support and low public awareness emerge as primary constraints with high driver-dependence values. The study develops a hierarchical five-level model that prioritizes budget enhancement and public education as key intervention strategies. All elements position within the linkage sector (Quadrant III), indicating high interdependence within the system. This research contributes a structured hierarchical model that confirms the necessity of bottom-up participation and targeted resource allocation, positioning them as the most critical leverage points for ensuring agricultural sustainability.
NILAI TEMPERATURE HUMIDTY INDEX TERHADAP RESPON FISIOLOGIS DAN AKTIVITAS BERBARING KAMBING CROSS BOER DI BALAI BESAR PELATIHAN PETERNAKAN (BBPP) KOTA BATU
In Indonesia, the crossbreeding of boer goats with local goats also has the aim that goats can adapt well to the weather and climate in Indonesia for easy management of feed, health, and the surrounding environment. However, goats raised in tropical climates also have problems facing their environment. Environments in the tropics tend to have unstable or extreme temperatures, humidity, and weather conditions that affect goat productivity. Temperature Humidity Index (THI) is an important environmental component to determine environmental conditions in a state that supports livestock comfort or otherwise can indicate the environment causes livestock to become stressed. The purpose of this study was to determine the physiological response of cross boer goats and the activity of lying cross boer goats to the Temperature Humidity Index at the Indonesian Center for Livestock Training (ICLT). The livestock used in this study were female cross boer goats with a total of 17 heads aged 2-3 years. Data collection was carried out using the observation method or direct observation. The parameters used were the measurement of Temperature Humidity Index, measurement of physiological responses of heart rate, respiration rate, skin temperature, rectal temperature, and lying activity. The results stated that the value of heart rate, skin temperature, rectal temperature of cross boer goats in ICLT Batu City was in normal condition in all time categories. However, the value of the respiration rate and lying activity of cross boer goats in ICLT Batu City is stated to be in an abnormal condition in all time categories.
PENGARUH SERBUK CANGKANG TELUR DAN PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI CABAI RAWIT YANG DITANAM DI TANAH SULFAT MASAM
Acid sulfate soils are one of the major constraints in cultivating bird’s eye chili due to their highly acidic nature, high solubility of Al and Fe, and low availability of phosphorus (P). These conditions hinder both vegetative and generative growth by disrupting root development and nutrient uptake. This study aimed to determine the optimum dosage of eggshell powder as a natural source of CaCO₃ and the most effective concentration of rice-washing water liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) to enhance the growth and yield of bird’s eye chili grown in acid sulfate soils. The experiment was arranged using a two-factor Randomized Block Design (RBD), consisting of eggshell powder doses of 0 g, 20 g, and 25 g combined with LOF concentrations of 200 mL and 300 mL. Observed parameters included soil pH, available P, plant height increment, number of flowers, number of fruits, and fresh fruit weight. The results showed that the treatment combinations had significant effects on all parameters. The application of eggshell powder consistently increased soil pH through the neutralization of H⁺ ions, thereby reducing Al toxicity and improving root zone conditions. The rice-washing water LOF enhanced microbial activity and supplied additional nutrients, particularly easily mineralized organic P. The best performance was observed in the C1P2 treatment (20 g eggshell powder + 300 mL LOF), which produced optimal soil pH, the highest increase in available P, and superior plant growth and yield. Conversely, excessively high eggshell doses (C2P2) increased soil pH beyond the optimal range, resulting in phosphorus precipitation into Ca-P forms, reducing P availability, and limiting yield improvement. Overall, this study confirms that integrating natural CaCO₃ ameliorants and liquid organic fertilizers can serve as a low-cost, effective, and practical strategy to improve chili productivity in acid sulfate soils.
HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN DAN ASUPAN NATRIUM TERHADAP KEJADIAN HIPERTENSI PADA PRALANSIA (MIDDLE AGE) DI KELURAHAN JAYA MUKTI KOTA DUMAI
Hypertension is a high blood pressure in the blood flow through the arteries that occurs mostly in middle adulthood. Hypertension can be influenced by several factors, including knowledge and sodium intake. This study aims to analyze the correlation between knowledge and sodium intake with the incidence of hypertension in Jaya Mukti Village, Dumai City. This study used a cross-sectional design with 61 respondents selected through accidental sampling technique. Data were collected through a knowledge questionnaire, Food Frequency Questionnaire Semi-Quantitative (FFQ-SQ) for sodium intake, and blood pressure measurement using a digital sphygmomanometer. Data were analyzed bivariate using the Chi-Square test. The results of this research showed that 59% of respondents had a low level of knowledge, 16,4% had a moderate level of knowledge, and 24.6% had a good level of knowledge. A total of 62.3% of respondents consumed excessive amounts of sodium, while 37.7% consumed adequate amounts of sodium. of the total respondents, 62.3% had hypertension, while 37.7% did not have hypertension. Chi-Square test results showed that there was a correlation between knowledge and the incidence of hypertension, with a p value of 0.000 (p < 0.1). In addition, there is a correlation between sodium intake and the incidence of hypertension with a p value of 0.000 (p < 0.1) and an OR value of 77.778. The results of this study showed that there was a correlation between knowledge and sodium intake on the occurrence of hypertension on middle age in Jaya Mukti Village, Dumai City.
THE THE CORRELATION OF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT ANEMIA AND PEER SUPPORT WITH ADHERENCE TO IRON SUPPLEMENTATION IN ADOLESCENT AT INTEGRATED AGRICULTURAL STATEVOCATIONAL SCHOOL RIAU PROVINCE
Adolescent females are at high risk of anemia and malnutrition. One way to prevent anemia is by consuming iron supplementation. Adolescent female adherence in consuming iron supplementation is still low. It is influenced by internal and external individual factors, such as knowledge and peer support. The study aimed to analyze the correlation of knowledge about anemia and peer support with adherence in consuming iron supplementation in adolescent female at Integrated Agricultural State Vocational School Riau Province. The study used an analytic observational method with a cross-sectional approach. The sampling technique used purposive sampling of 168 respondents and used the chi-square test. The results showed univariate analysis, majority of respondents had a poor level of knowledge (47.0%), a moderate level of peer support (48.8%), and a non-adherence level of iron supplementation consumption (50.0%). There was a correlation between peer support and adherence in consuming iron supplementation in adolescent female at Integrated Agricultural State Vocational School Riau Province with a p-value of 0.005 and there was no correlation between anemia knowledge and adherence in consuming iron supplementation with a p-value of 0.877. In conclusion, there was a correlation between peer support and adherence in consuming iron supplementation and there was no correlation between anemia knowledge and adherence in consuming iron supplementation in adolescent female.
SUPLEMENTATION OF TAMARIND AND TURMERIC _GINSENG MIXTURE IN RATION ON BROILER PERFORMANCE
The use of herbal ingredients as feed additives to increase poultry productivity has been developed in Indonesia. The study aimed to examine the effect of tamarind (AJ) and turmeric (K)-ginseng (G) supplementation on broiler chicken performance. The study was designed with a completely randomized design with 5 treatments. Each treatment was replicated three times, with 10 Cobb strain chicks. The treatments consisted of T1: Control (basal ration without AJ, K-G mixture), T2 (AJ 0g + 3 g K + 3 g G), T3 (AJ 0g + 6 g K + 6 g G); T4 (AJ 6g + 3 g K + 3 g G) and T5 (AJ 6 g + K 6 g + G 6 g). The variables measured included feed consumption, body weight gain, feed conversion, protein utilization efficiency, performance index and carcass weight. The data were analyzed using SPSS. The results showed that supplementation of tamarind, turmeric, and ginseng (T4 and T5) resulted in significant (P<0.05) feed consumption, body weight gain, and carcass weight compared to the control ration (T1) and T2 and T3. . Treatment T2 resulted in better feed conversion, protein utilization efficiency, and performance index compared to the control (T1). Supplementation with tamarind, turmeric, and ginseng (T4 and T5) significantly improved feed conversion, protein utilization efficiency, performance index, and carcass weight. It was concluded that supplementation with tamarind at a dose of 6 g/kg and turmeric-ginseng at a dose of 6 g/kg (T5) resulted in the best performance of broiler chickens.
STUDI PENGARUH PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA TERHADAP PENINGKATAN ASAM HUMAT DAN PH PADA KOMPOS LIMBAH KERTAS
Paper waste is an organic material that can be used as compost. Paper compost may contain humic acid. Composting paper waste, along with the addition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa at various doses, can increase the availability of humic acid and pH. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments with different concentrations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria at 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%. This study incubated paper compost with Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria for 3 weeks. The parameters in this study were humic acid, water content, organic C, Total N, C:N ratio, and pH H2O. The results showed that the KK2 concentration treatment was significantly different (p < 0.05) from the other treatments. Likewise, the pH of H2O was significantly different (p <0.05) in the KK3 concentration treatment. Increasing the concentration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa increased the pH value of H2O (r = 0.75). Meanwhile, the results of non-linear regression (R2=0.6966) showed that increasing the concentration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa reduced the availability of humic acid in paper compost.
KEANEKARAGAMAN SERANGGA PADA TANAMAN AKASIA (Acacia crassicarpa) DI PEMBIBITAN DAN AREA PRODUKSI HTI
Acacia crassicarpa merupakan spesies pohon yang sangat penting dalam pengembangan Hutan Tanaman Industri (HTI), khususnya untuk produksi pulp dan kertas. A. crassicarpa mampu tumbuh cepat dan adaptif di lahan marginal seperti lahan gambut. Perkembangan HTI di Indonesia, termasuk di Riau berlangsung pesat dalam dua dekade ini. Namun, Ekosistem monokultur seperti ini cenderung rentan terhadap serangan hama serangga, terutama rayap bawah tanah dan serangga hama daun, yang dapat menurunkan produktivitas dan kualitas hasil panen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji keanekaragaman serangga pada tanaman A. crassicarpa di pembibitan dan area produksi HTI pada lahan gambut di Kabupaten Siak, Riau. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada bulan April 2025 dengan metode survei secara purposive sampling. Sampel serangga dikumpulkan dari pembibitan dan tiga plot tanaman di area produksi berumur 5, 6, dan 9 bulan. Serangga dikoleksi menggunakan tiga jenis perangkap yaitu jaring ayun, perangkap lubang, dan perangkap mangkuk kuning. Total 397 individu serangga dari 9 ordo, 35 famili, dan 44 morfospesies berhasil diidentifikasi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa indeks keanekaragaman Shannon-Wiener tertinggi terdapat pada tanaman berumur 9 bulan (H’=2,43), sedangkan nilai terendah ditemukan pada umur 5 bulan (H’=1,62). Kemerataan komunitas menurun pada fase 5–6 bulan akibat dominasi semut (Formicidae), meskipun secara umum keanekaragaman dan struktur komunitas serangga tergolong sedang hingga tinggi. Keberadaan serangga predator, polinator, pengurai, dan parasitoid mencerminkan ekosistem lahan gambut yang fungsional dan mendukung keberlanjutan budidaya A. crassicarpa. Penelitian ini memberikan dasar bagi pengelolaan ekosistem berbasis keragaman serangga dalam sistem HTI yang berkelanjutan.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN CONDENSED MOLASSES SOLUBLES (CMS) DALAM PAKAN TERHADAP KUALITAS INTERNAL TELUR ITIK PETELUR MOJOSARI
Feed is the highest cost component of 60-70% in the laying duck business, so alternative feeds are needed that can improve the internal quality of eggs. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the use of Condensed Molasses Solubles (CMS) in feed on the internal quality of eggs. The materials used were 20 female Mojosari ducks in the production phase aged 32 weeks, basal feed, CMS produced by PT. Daesang Indonesia. The research method used was experimental using a completely randomized series (CRD) of 5 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments used were basal feed without treatment (T0), 97.5% basal feed + 2.5% CMS (T1), 95% basal feed + 5% CMS (T2), 92.5% basal feed + 7.5% CMS (T3), and 90% basal feed + 10% CMS (T4). The variables observed included egg white volume, egg yolk volume, egg white viscosity, egg yolk viscosity, haugh unit and egg air cavity. The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and continued with Duncan's Multi Range Test (DMRT) if differences were found between treatments. The results showed that the addition of CMS to the feed had a significant effect (P <0.05) on egg yolk viscosity, but had no significant effect (P>0.05) on egg white volume, egg yolk volume, egg white viscosity, haugh unit and air cavity. The results of the study concluded that the use of 5% CMS gave the best results.
RESPON TANAMAN PAKCOY (Brassica Rapa L) Dan IKAN NILA (Oreochromis Niloticus L) DENGAN PEMBERIAN BEBERAPA KONSENTRASI AB MIX PADA AKUAPONIK
This research was conducted with the aim of determining the response of pakcoy plants to the addition of various concentrations of AB mix in aquaponics, to observe the growth of Nile tilapia in aquaponic cultivation of pakcoy plants with the addition of different concentrations of AB mix, and to determine the optimal AB mix concentration for producing pakcoy and Nile tilapia in aquaponic systems. This study was carried out using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with treatments involving the addition of several concentrations of AB mix in aquaponics, consisting of 4 treatments, with each treatment planting 15 pakcoy plants and each treatment pond containing 20 Nile tilapia. The treatments applied were ponds without AB Mix addition, and ponds with the addition of 4 mL, 5 mL, and 6 mL of AB Mix. The results of the study showed that the addition of AB mix in aquaponics for Nile tilapia and pakcoy plants had a significant effect on plant height, number of leaves, plant weight, oxygen, pH, and ammonia levels. Meanwhile, the temperature parameter did not have a significant effect. The water quality during the study period remained in optimal condition for aquaponics cultivation, suitable for both tilapia fish and pakcoy plants. The best pakcoy results were obtained with the addition of AB Mix at a concentration of 6 mL/L, yielding 15.6 leaves, a height of 17.0 cm, and a plant weight of 40.1 grams. The fish survival rate was 95% in the treatment without the addition of AB Mix. Keywords: Ammonia, Growth, Temperature ABSTRAK – Penelitian ini dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon tanaman pakcoy dengan penambahan beberapa konsentrasi ab mix pada akuaponik, untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan ikan nila pada budidaya akuaponik tanaman pakcoy dengan penambahan beberapa konsentrasi AB mix dan mendapatkan kosentrasi AB mix terbaik dalam menghasilkan pakcoy dan ikan nila secara akuaponik. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan perlakuan pemberian beberapa konsentrasi ab mix pada akuaponik yang terdiri dari 4 perlakuan yaitu setiap masing- masing perlakuan ditanam sebanyak 15 tanaman pakcoy, dan masing- masing kolam perlakuan diisi 20 ekor ikan nila. Perlakuan yang diberikan yaitu kolam tanpa penambahan AB Mix, kolam dengan penambahan AB Mix 4 mL, 5 mL, dan 6 mL. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penambahan AB mix pada akuaponik ikan nila dan tanaman pakcoy sangat berpengaruh nyata pada tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, berat tanaman, oksigen, pH dan ammonia. Sedangkan pada parameter suhu tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata. Kualitas air selama masa penelitian masih dalam kondisi optimum untuk budidaya akuaponik baik kondisi untuk ikan nila maupun tanaman pakcoy. Hasil pakcoy terbaik terdapat pada penambahan konsentrasi AB mix 6 mL/L dengan jumlah 15,6 helai, tinggi 17,0 cm dan berat tanaman 40,1 gram. Survival rate ikan sebesar 95% pada perlakuan tanpa penambahan AB mix. Kata Kunci : Amonia, Pertumbuhan, Suhu
HUBUNGAN LEVEL PROTEIN DENGAN PEMBERIAN CMS (CONDENSED MOLASSES SOLUBLES) DALAM PAKAN TERHADAP KONSUMSI PAKAN, BOBOT AKHIR DAN KONVERSI PAKAN BABI LEPAS SAPIH
Pig farming is a very promising livestock commodity to develop. However, there is a problem in the supply of pig feed, namely limited sources of protein feed, which causes price fluctuations, resulting in unstable profits for farmers. Condensed Molasses Solubles (CMS) is a waste product from monosodium glutamate fermentation with a crude protein content of 39.86%, but research on the use of CMS as a protein source for weaned pigs is still limited. This study identified the relationship between protein levels of CMS in feed on feed intake, final weight, and feed conversion in starter pigs. The method of this research uses a completely randomized design (CRD) of 5 treatments and 4 replicates. The treatments used basal feed without treatment is (P0), basal feed 97.5% + CMS 2.5% (P1), basal feed 95% + CMS 5% (P2), basal feed 92.5% + CMS 7.5% (P3), and basal feed 90% + CMS 10% (P4. Data will be analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and followed by Duncan's Multi Range Test (DMRT) if differences between treatments are found. Simple linear regression analysis is also used to determine the coefficient of determination for each research variable. Results showed that use of CMS in feed had a very significant effect (P<0.01) on feed consumption and final weight. The best result are shown in P4 based on optimal feed consumption, maximum final weight compared to other treatments and low feed conversion. Most optimal use of CMS for starter pigs is found in the P4 treatment with 10% of CMS.
KUALITAS SILASE PELEPAH KELAPA SAWIT DAN INDIGOFERA DENGAN ADITIF SIRUP KOMERSIAL AFKIR
Oil palm fronds are a high-fiber feed ingredient that generally exhibits low digestibility in ruminants. Efforts to improve their quality can be achieved by adding Indigofera zollingeriana as a plant-based protein source and applying anaerobic fermentation using discarded commercial syrup as an energy source for fermentative microbes. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of adding discarded commercial syrup on the quality of silage made from a mixture of oil palm fronds and Indigofera zollingeriana. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design (CRD) with five treatments and five replications. The treatments consisted of adding discarded commercial syrup at levels of 1.50%, 3%, 4.50%, and 6% of dry matter, while P1 served as the control (75% oil palm fronds and 25% Indigofera). The parameters observed included dry matter (DM), dry matter loss (DML), pH, and Fleigh value (FV). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a 5% significance level. The results showed that the addition of discarded commercial syrup significantly affected silage pH and Fleigh value, whereas dry matter and dry matter loss did not differ among treatments. The best treatment was P5 (6% DM), which produced the highest Fleigh value (108±4.97) and the lowest pH (3.98±0.03). Therefore, the use of discarded commercial syrup at 6% of dry matter was found to be the most effective in improving the quality of silage made from oil palm fronds and Indigofera zollingeriana. ABSTRACT Pelepah kelapa sawit merupakan bahan pakan berserat tinggi yang umumnya memiliki tingkat kecernaan rendah pada ternak ruminansia. Upaya untuk meningkatkan kualitasnya dapat dilakukan dengan menambahkan Indigofera zollingeriana sebagai sumber protein nabati serta menerapkan fermentasi anaerob dengan bantuan sirup komersial afkir sebagai sumber energi bagi mikroba fermentatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai pengaruh penambahan sirup komersial afkir terhadap mutu silase campuran pelepah kelapa sawit dan Indigofera zollingeriana. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan lima perlakuan dan lima ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri atas penambahan sirup komersial afkir sebanyak 1,50%, 3%, 4,50%, dan 6% dari bahan kering, sedangkan P1 sebagai kontrol terdiri atas 75% pelepah kelapa sawit dan 25% Indigofera. Parameter yang diamati meliputi kadar bahan kering (BK), kehilangan bahan kering (KBK), nilai pH, dan nilai Fleigh (NF). Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam (ANOVA) dan dilanjutkan dengan uji DMRT pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan sirup komersial afkir berpengaruh nyata terhadap nilai pH dan Fleigh silase, sedangkan kadar BK dan KBK tidak menunjukkan perbedaan antarperlakuan. Perlakuan terbaik diperoleh pada P5 (6% BK) dengan nilai Fleigh tertinggi (108±4,97) dan pH terendah (3,98±0,03). Dengan demikian, penggunaan sirup komersial afkir sebanyak 6% dari bahan kering dinilai paling efektif untuk meningkatkan kualitas silase campuran pelepah kelapa sawit dan Indigofera zollingeriana.
DAMPAK BODY CONDITION SCORE TERHADAP EFISIENSI REPRODUKSI SAPI SIMENTAL PADA PETERNAKAN RAKYAT DI KAMPAR, INDONESIA
A food security program involving the provision of female cattle has been implemented in Sungai Lambu Makmur Village since 2021. This initiative aims to foster a sustainable economic cycle and enhance community welfare by distributing one female cattle acceptor per household. The program's effectiveness is largely dependent on the reproductive performance of the livestock. This study aimed to evaluate the reproductive performance of Simental cattle in Sungai Lambu Makmur Village, Tapung District, Kampar Regency, by analyzing Service per Conception (S/C), Post-partum Mating, Conception Rate, Calving Interval, and Body Condition Score. This survey study was conducted from February to April 2025, collecting census data from the entire population through farmer questionnaires (primary data) and Artificial Insemination recording cards from 2021–2024 (secondary data). The results indicate varying reproductive performance values over the period: S/C ranged from 1.13 to 1.38; CR from 70% to 86.66%; PPM from 71.86±14.505 to 93.54±9.136 days; and CI from 355.66±19.503 to 374.28±18.122 days. The average BCS of the population was 3.46±0.504. Correlation analysis revealed a very weak relationship between BCS and reproductive performance parameters (S/C: -0.02; CR: 0.13; PPM: -0.22; CI: 0.15). It is concluded that Simental cattle in Sungai Lambu Makmur Village exhibit normal reproductive performance and BCS values, but no significant relationship was observed between BCS and the measured reproductive performance indicators.
Nisbah Kesetaraan Lahan Tumpangsari Indigofera zollingeriana dan Pennisetum purpureum cv Thailand Berdasarkan Produksi Potensial
The purpose of this research was determines the land equivalent ratio of intercropping Indigofera zollingeriana and Pennisetum purpureum underneath coconut plantation based on potential production. This experiment was conducted using Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The treatment consisted six combination of planting space, Indigofera zollingeriana with planting space (1) 1.0x1.0m, (2) 1.0x1.25m, and Pennisetum purpureum with planting space (1) 1.0x0.75m, (2) 1.0x1.0m. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and HSD test. The variables measured were potential production and Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) based on potential production. The results showed that different planting space were significant different (P<0.01) on potential production and LER. The HSD test showed that intercropping Indigofera zollingeriana with planting space 1.0m x 1.25m and Pennisetum purpureum with planting space 1.0m x 1.0m have highest for potential production and intercropping Indigofera zollingeriana with planting space 1.0m x 1.25m and Pennisetum purpureum with planting space 1.0m x 1.0m have highest land equivalent ratio. It was concluded that the combination of indigofera planting distance of 1m x 1.25m and pennisetum 1m x 1.0m was the highest for potential production and land efficiency.
KARAKTERISTIK FISIK DAN VISUAL EDIBLE FILM BERBASIS PATI SAGU SEBAGAI BAHAN BUNGKUS RAMAH LINGKUNGAN UNTUK BUMBU MIE INSTAN
ABSTRACT The escalating issue of plastic waste from the instant food industry has led to an increased demand for environmentally friendly food packaging. Edible films, derived from natural, biodegradable, and safe-to-consume materials, present a potential solution. Sago starch (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.), a local starch source abundant in amylose and amylopectin, facilitates the formation of films with favorable physical characteristics. This study aims to characterize the physical and visual properties of sago starch-based edible films when applied as a wrapping material for instant noodle seasoning. Sago starch was dissolved in water, heated until gelatinization, and dried at 50°C to produce edible films. Treatments involved adding carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) at concentrations of 0% and 15%. Film thickness, color (L*, a*, b*), and surface morphology (evaluated using an optical microscope) were the parameters assessed. Results indicated that CMC addition increased film thickness from 0.12 mm to 0.25 mm. The L* value slightly decreased, while a* and b* values increased, suggesting a shift toward a yellowish hue. Microscopic observation revealed that the 0% CMC film exhibited an uneven surface with visible granule boundaries, whereas the 15% CMC film displayed a smoother, denser, and more homogeneous structure. The addition of CMC enhanced intermolecular interactions through hydrogen bonding, improving matrix density and uniformity. Overall, sago starch edible film with CMC shows strong potential as a biodegradable and eco-friendly packaging material for instant seasoning products.
SINERGI USAHA TERNAK SAPI POTONG DAN SEKTOR NON-PETERNAKAN DALAM MENOPANG PENDAPATAN RUMAH TANGGA PETERNAK (Studi Kasus di Desa Bulotalangi, Kecamatan Bulango Timur Kabupaten Bone Bolango)
This study aims to analyze the role of beef cattle farming and non-livestock sectors in supporting the income of farming households in Bulotalangi Village, Bulango Timur District, Bone Bolango Regency. The research employed a survey method with census sampling involving 67 cattle farmers. The results indicated that the average total household income reached IDR 46,105,970 per year. Cattle farming contributes significantly to household income, accounting for 37% (IDR 17,089,552). However, non-livestock activities, such as laborers, drivers, and traders, account for a larger portion (53% or IDR 24,716,418), supplemented by other livestock businesses (9%). The synergy between cattle farming and non-livestock sectors demonstrates a critical strategy in diversifying income sources, thereby improving household financial stability. The study concludes that this integration is essential for the economic sustainability of farming households, where cattle farming serves as family savings supplementing daily income from non-agrarian work. Keywords : Beef Cattle, Business Diversification, Cost Efficiency, Financial Analysis, Income
KUALITAS PROTEIN KASAR, SERAT KASAR DAN LEMAK KASAR WAFER RANSUM KOMPLIT BERBASIS LEVEL AMPAS SAGU YANG BERBEDA UNTUK RANSUM RUMINANSIA
Sago dreg that is abundant and underutilized can pollute the environment. Sago dreg can be processed into complete ration wafers to enhance nutritional value, facilitate storage, and provide feed for Bali cattle. The objective of this study was to determine the nutritional value in terms of crude protein, crude fiber, and crude fat content of complete ration wafers based on sago dreg with various addition levels of 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%. The research method used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatment levels of sago dreg addition and four replications for each treatment. Parameter used in this research were P0 = complete ration wafers with 0% sago dreg, P1 = complete ration wafers with 10% sago dreg, P2 = complete ration wafers with 20% sago dreg, P3 = complete ration wafers with 30% sago dreg. The study parameters included crude protein (%), crude fiber (%), ether extract (%). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and further tested with Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) if significantly different. The results showed that the sago dreg level significantly affected the crude protein and crude fiber content of the wafers (P< 0.01), with crude protein decreasing and crude fiber increasing as sago dreg increased. Ether extract content showed no significant difference among treatments. The conclusion of the study is that complete ration wafers with 10% sago dreg provide the best nutritional value with crude protein content of 8.58%, crude fiber of 18.91%, and ether extract of 6.92%.
EVALUASI SIFAT FUNGSIONAL EDIBLE COATING PATI SAGU BERDASARKAN PARAMETER KIMIA UNTUK APLIKASI PADA KEMASAN BUMBU INSTAN
Instant seasoning packaging typically utilizes conventional plastic, which is difficult to decompose and can pollute the environment. As an environmentally friendly alternative, this study investigates the potential of sago starch-based edible coating (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) as a biodegradable packaging material. The study's purpose was to evaluate the functional properties and chemical stability of sago starch edible coating by testing its water content, solubility, and pH. Sago starch was gelatinized, mixed with glycerol as a plasticizer, molded, and dried at 50°C to form a thin film. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was added at 0% and 15%. The addition of CMC increased the water content from 23.61% to 24.61%, though this difference was not statistically significant. Solubility increased from 14.56% to 20.66%, indicating improved water dissolution. The pH of the film solution also increased slightly from 6.6 to 6.8. Overall, the addition of CMC increased solubility without significantly changing the water content and demonstrated good chemical stability. This sago starch-based edible coating has the potential to be used as a biodegradable packaging material to replace conventional plastic in instant noodle seasoning products.
CORRELATION OF BODY CONDITION SCORE AND CHEST CIRCUMFERENCE AS PARAMETERS OF REPRODUCTIVE EFFICIENCY LEVEL OF BALI CATTLE IN BARRU REGENCY
Bali cattle are a native Indonesian germplasm derived from bull and have high adaptability to tropical environments, good production performance, and superior reproductive ability. Livestock quality generally involves the measurement of various body dimensions, such as chest circumference, body length, shoulder height, and body condition score. The purpose of this study is to examine how Bali cattle at the Maiwa Breeding Center, Tanete Riaja District, Barru Regency, relate to pregnancy and body condition score and chest circumference. A total of 50 Bali heifers were used as the study sample. Chest circumference measurements and BCS assessment were carried out on the heifers until they reached mating age. Next, the samples were divided into two groups: group I (25 non-pregnant cows) and group II (25 pregnant cows). Data were analyzed quantitatively using a correlation test to examine the relationship between chest circumference and BCS, as well as pregnancy status. The results revealed that pregnant cows had a higher chest circumference (132.6 ± 6.4 cm) than non-pregnant heifers (127.4 ± 5.4 cm). BCS scales 5 and 6 were more prevalent in pregnant cows (20% and 6%), whereas BCS scale 4 was more common in non-pregnant cows (36%). Correlation analysis showed a strong correlation between BCS and chest circumference in both pregnant (r = 0.78; R² = 0.60) and non-pregnant (r = 0.80; R² = 0.65) cows. These results suggest that chest circumference and BCS play a crucial role in determining the pregnancy status of Balinese cattle. Keywords : Bali Cattle, Body Condition Score, Chest Circumference, Pregnancy.
FRAKSI SERAT SILASE LIMBAH SAYUR KOL DAN SAWI MENGGUNAKAN BERBAGAI SUMBER ADITIF SEBAGAI PAKAN RUMINANSIA
Pemanfaatan limbah sayur kol dan sawi sebagai pengganti hijauan pakan ternak merupakan salah satu upaya penyediaan hijauan yang terbatas di musim kemarau dalam bentuk silase. Aditif dapat ditambahkan untuk memperbaiki kualitas silase. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas fraksi serat yang terkandung dalam silase limbah sayur kol dan sawi menggunakan berbagai sumber aditif berbeda. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Perlakuan adalah, P1 (70% limbah kol dan sawi + 30% dedak padi) ; P2 (70% lmbah kol dan sawi + 30% tepung jagung) ; P3 (70% limbah kol dan sawi + 30% onggok) ; P4 (70% limbah kol dan sawi + (30% dedak padi + tepung jagung + onggok)). Parameter yang diamati meliputi Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF), Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF), Acid Detergent Lignin (ADL), selulosa dan hemiselulosa. Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa dengan pemberian aditif berbeda memberikan pengaruh sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap penurunan kandungan NDF, ADF dan ADL, berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap peningkatan kandungan selulosa dan hemiselulosa. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah penggunaan berbagai bahan sumber aditif akan menurunkan kandungan NDF, ADF, dan ADL serta meningkatkan kandungan hemiselulosa dan selulosa silase limbah sayur kol dan sawi sehingga dapat dijadikan pakan ruminansia.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN TWEEN 80 TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK BIOPLASTIK DARI PATI SAGU (Metroxylon sagu Rottb)
This research aims to determine the effect of adding Tween 80 on the characteristics of sago flour-based bioplastics (Metroxylon sagu Rottb). This study was prompted by the increasingly severe problem of plastic waste accumulation, which is difficult to decompose in the environment. Bioplastics offer an environmentally friendly alternative that can decompose naturally. Additionally, during the bioplastic manufacturing process, difficulties in releasing the bioplastic from the mold are often encountered. Therefore, Tween 80 was added to facilitate the release of bioplastics from molds through its surfactant properties. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design with six concentrations of Tween 80 (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, and 1.25 ml). The parameters observed included tensile strength, elongation, thickness, water resistance, and water vapor transmission rate (WVTR). The results showed that Tween 80 significantly affected all the properties tested. Increasing Tween 80 concentration reduced tensile strength and water resistance but increased elongation, thickness, and WVTR. The best results were obtained at a Tween 80 concentration of 0 ml with a tensile strength of 3.44 MPa, water resistance of 77.45%, WVTR of 4.43 g/m²·h, and a degradation period of 25 days.
STRATEGI PENGELOLAAN DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI SUB-DAS OMBI DAS PALU
The Ombi Sub-watershed, located in the Palu River Basin, plays an essential role in supporting hydrological functions, community livelihoods, and environmental stability. However, land conversion, intensive agriculture, and weak institutional coordination have contributed to the degradation of the watershed. This study aims to assess the current condition of Ombi Sub-watershed management and formulate strategic recommendations using a Likert Scale and SOAR analysis approach. Data were collected through interviews, questionnaires, and field observations involving 70 respondents consisting of village officials, disaster response groups, and community members. The results show that all five assessed dimensions Policy and Regulation (3.37), Institutional and Participation (3.26), Operational and Technical (2.80), Economic and Financing (2.70), and Social and Education (2.86) fall under the “moderate” category. These findings indicate that watershed management has been implemented but has not yet reached an optimal level. The SOAR analysis further reveals that strengths lie in the availability of regulatory frameworks and community participation, while opportunities emerge from environmental education and the adoption of eco-friendly technologies. Aspirations and results remain limited due to insufficient funding and weak coordination. The recommended strategies include strengthening institutional roles, aligning regulations with local needs, improving technical conservation practices, and enhancing community capacity through continuous education. Overall, effective management of the Ombi Sub-watershed requires integrated efforts involving policy improvement, financial support, technological adoption, and broader community engagement.
EVALUASI FRAKSI SERAT WAFER RANSUM KOMPLIT BERBAHAN AMPAS SAGU DALAM FORMULASI RANSUM Sapi Bali
Sago pulp is a type of plantation waste with a crude fiber content of 20.3% and low protein (2.1%) so it needs further processing in the form of complete ration wafers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the value of Acid Detergent Fiber, Neutral Detergent Fiber, and hemicellulose of complete ration wafers made from sago pulp in ration formulation. This study was conducted in February - March 2025. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method with 4 treatments and 4 replications, namely complete ration wafers + 0% sago pulp (P0), complete ration wafers + 10% sago pulp (P1), complete ration wafers + 20% sago pulp (P2), complete ration wafers + 30% sago pulp (P3). The parameters measured were the value of Neutral Detergent Fiber, Acid Detergent Fiber and hemicellulose. The results of the study showed that complete ration wafers made from sago dregs had a very significant effect (P<0.01) on the values ​​of Neutral Detergent Fiber, Acid Detergent Fiber, and hemicellulose. The conclusion of the study was that the addition of 30% sago dregs did not produce the highest values ​​of Neutral Detergent Fiber, Acid Detergent Fiber, and hemicellulose. The best treatment was produced by the addition of 20% sago dregs with Acid Detergent Fiber values ​​of 18.72%, Neutral Detergent Fiber 51.76%, and hemicellulose 33.03%.
PERBANYAKAN STEVIA ANTARA KESERAGAMAN DAN KEANEKARAGAMAN
Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is a potential source of a zero-calorie natural sweetener, yet it faces challenges in its propagation system that affect productivity and quality standards. This study critically compares the efficiency of generative (seed) and vegetative (cutting) propagation methods to support sustainable stevia production. A literature search was conducted using Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect for publications from 2014 to 2024, focusing on empirical studies reporting quantitative data on propagation success rates, growth, and steviol glycoside content. The analytical results indicate that vegetative propagation achieves a high success rate particularly with the application of auxins, compared to the lower seed germination rate, which is highly dependent on seed viability. Plants derived from cuttings exhibited superior vegetative vigor, with increases in plant height, leaf number, and biomass, alongside higher steviol glycoside content and a more commercially favorable rebaudioside A. stevioside ratio. Conversely, the generative method resulted in high phenotypic diversity and low biochemical consistency. These findings confirm the superiority of vegetative propagation for commercial purposes, as it preserves superior genotypes and the physiological maturity of the plant. However, the potential for genetic erosion and dependence on mother stock remain significant risks. Therefore, the propagation method must be aligned with the intended objectives: vegetative for market-oriented standard production, and generative for genetic conservation and breeding programs. Integration with micropropagation is recommended to minimize somaclonal variation.
KEHILANGAN BAHAN KERING (KBK), KEHILANGAN BAHAN ORGANIK (KBO), DAN NILAI FLEIGH SILASE KULIT BUAH KAKAO DENGAN SUPLEMENTASI BERBAGAI SUMBER KARBOHIDRAT
Cocoa bean husks are a type of plantation waste with potential as feed for ruminants. However, their high crude fiber content (20.79–40%) and lignin levels (20–27.95%) limit their digestibility, making processing technology necessary to improve nutritional quality. One method that can be applied is silage production combined with carbohydrate sources as fermentation additives. This study aims to evaluate the dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), dry matter loss (DML), organic matter loss (OML), and Fleigh value of cocoa bean husk silage supplemented with different carbohydrate sources. The research was carried out from September to October 2025 at the Nutrition and Feed Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau State Islamic University. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used, consisting of four treatments with five replications: P0 (without additives), P1 (5% molasses), P2 (5% corn flour), and P3 (5% molasses + 5% corn flour). The parameters measured included DM, OM, DML, OML, and Fleigh value, followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) for further analysis. The results showed that the addition of carbohydrate sources had a significant effect on organic matter loss (P<0.05), where P1, P2, and P3 treatments significantly reduced OML compared to the control. However, supplementation did not significantly affect DM, OM, DML, or the Fleigh value of the silage (P>0.05). In conclusion, molasses and corn flour supplementation can reduce organic matter loss during the ensiling process, although these additives did not improve DM, OM, DML, or Fleigh value in cocoa bean husk silage.
OPTIMALISASI PENGGUNAAN FAKTOR PRODUKSI USAHA TANI PEPAYA (Carica papaya L.) PADA DUA VARIETAS BERBEDA DI KOTA PEKANBARU
California and Bangkok papaya businesses are businesses that have economic value and high demand, so a way is needed to increase optimal production results. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of combination of production factors and analysis of resources owned by California and Bangkok papaya farmers to achieve optimal conditions. The population of this study was California papaya and Bangkok papaya farmers in Pekanbaru City. The method of determining the sample in this study was the purposive sampling method, and the number of respondent farmers was 20 California papaya farmers and 20 Bangkok papaya farmers based on land area of ​​± 1 ha, number of plants, labor and farming experience and capital in California papaya and Bangkok papaya farming. The data analysis technique used linear programming analysis. Based on the results of this study. The optimal production factors for California and Bangkok papaya in Pekanbaru are to plant 40 hectares and the allocation of capital availability resources and seedling cost constraints must be increased to achieve optimal profits.
TEKNIK BUDI DAYA Dan ANALISIS RISIKO USAHA TANI KELAPA SAWIT RAKYAT DI DESA BENCAH KELUBI KECAMATAN TAPUNG KABUPATEN KAMPAR
Oil palm farming in Bencah Kelubi Village, Tapung District, Kampar Regency is one of the livelihoods and sources of income for farmers. This study aims to describe the applied community oil palm cultivation techniques, to determine the risks experienced in oil palm farming and efforts to reduce the risks of oil palm farming in Bencah Kelubi Village. The type of research conducted is descriptive and quantitative research. The method used is the observation method and direct interviews with farmers. Sampling was carried out by Simple Random Sampling as many as 40 farmers. The data used are primary data and secondary data. The data needed in the study include farmer identity data, cultivation techniques, production facility costs, marketing prices and risks faced. The data were obtained from respondents using a questionnaire. The results of the study showed that the oil palm cultivation techniques applied by farmers in Bencah Kelubi Village were not in accordance with the recommendations of the Plantation, Livestock and Animal Health Service of Kampar Regency. The risks faced by farmers in Bencah Kelubi Village are cost risk, production risk and income risk. As well as efforts made by farmers to reduce risk by forming institutional development to increase the capacity of the role of field extension workers and strengthening a financial institution. From the results of the analysis, the risk to oil palm farming production and income is relatively low.
EVALUASI FISIK WAFER RANSUM BERBAHAN AMPAS SAGU DALAM RANSUM RUMINANSIA YANG BERBEDA
One type of agricultural waste that can be used as animal feed is sago dregs. Sago dregs still contains 65.7% starch. One way to process raw materials is by producing complete feed wafers. This study aims to determine the physical evaluation of complete Bali cattle ration wafers supplemented with sago dregs (Metroxylon sp). This research was conducted from February - May 2024 at the Nutrition and Feed Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Science State Islamic University of Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau, Pekanbaru. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 4 replications, namely P0: Complete ration wafer + 0% sago dregs, P1: Complete ration wafer + 10% sago dregs, P2: Complete ration wafer + 20% sago dregs, P3: Complete ration wafer + 30% sago dregs. The parameters measured included dry matter content, wafer particle density, and water absorption capacity. The results showed that the treatment had no significant effect (P>0.05) on dry matter content, particle density and water absorption capacity of the wafer. The conclusion of this study is that increasing the level of sago dregs to 30% results in a relatively similar physical evaluation of the wafer.
RESPON FISIOLOGIS KAMBING CROSS SAANEN TERHADAP TEMPERATURE HUMIDITY INDEX (THI) DI BALAI BESAR PELATIHAN PETERNAKAN (BBPP) KOTA BATU
This study aimed to evaluate the physiological responses of Crossbred Saanen goats to the Temperature Humidity Index (THI) as an indicator of thermal comfort in a tropical environment. The research was conducted at the Center for Livestock Training (BBPP) Batu City in December 2024 - January 2025 using a case study method with direct observation. A total of nine lactating female Crossbred Saanen goats were observed, with measurements taken four times daily (morning, noon, afternoon, and night) over the course of one month. Parameters observed included environmental temperature and humidity for THI calculation, as well as heart rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, skin temperature, and lying frequency and duration as indicators of physiological and behavioral responses. The results showed that THI values ranged from 64.31 to 66.59, which are considered within the thermal comfort zone. However, both respiratory rate and skin temperature increased, particularly during midday, indicating a mild heat stress response. Rectal temperature and heart rate remained within normal physiological ranges. Lying activity increased during midday and early morning, reflecting behavioral adaptation to environmental conditions. It is concluded that Crossbred Saanen goats exhibit the ability to adapt to fluctuating tropical climates, but optimal environmental management is still required to maintain animal welfare and productivity.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN TEPUNG KULIT BAWANG BOMBAY DALAM PAKAN TERHADAP PERSENTASE BOBOT ORGAN DALAM DAN LEMAK ABDOMINAL AYAM PEDAGING
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of onion peel meal addition in feed on internal organ weight percentage and abdominal fat of broiler chickens. The material used consisted of 144 day-old chicks (DOC) of Lohmann strain, which were raised for 35 days. The chickens were divided into 6 treatments and 4 replications. T0 (-): Basal diet, T0 (+): Basal diet + 0.1% zinc bacitracin antibiotic, T1: Basal diet + 0.25% onion peel meal, T2: Basal diet + 0.5% onion peel meal, T3: Basal diet + 0.75% onion peel meal, T4: Basal diet + 1% onion peel meal. The variables observed were internal organ weight percentage (heart, liver, gizzard, and spleen) and abdominal fat percentage of broiler chickens. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The results showed that the treatments had no significant effect (P>0.05) on internal organ weight percentage (heart, liver, gizzard, and spleen) and abdominal fat percentage of broiler chickens. Onion peel meal can be used as a feed additive at a 1% level to reduce abdominal fat percentage.
PENAPISAN SENYAWA FITOKIMIA DAUN, BATANG DAN KULIT KAYU Senna multijuga DENGAN BERBAGAI JENIS PELARUT SERTA EFIKASINYA TERHADAP LARVA KUMBANG TANDUK (Oryctes rhinoceros
Fabaceae plants (Senna Sp.) are thought to have potential as botanical insecticides against rhinoceros beetles (Oryctes rhinocerus). However, information regarding their phytochemical content and biological activity is still limited. The first objective of this study was to identify the phytochemical compound content in all parts of the Senna multijuga plant, including leaves, stems, and bark. And the second objective was to determine the biological activity of various S. multijuga extracts against instar III larvae of O. rhinoceros. This study was divided into two main parts: screening of phytochemical compounds and testing the efficacy of each extract against O. rhinoceros larvae. The screening of phytochemical compounds used the Harborne color test method. Meanwhile, the efficacy testing of the extracts was carried out in vitro. This study was conducted experimentally using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments, each treatment repeated 3 times to obtain 15 experimental units. The treatment given was leaf extract with four different solvents, namely water, 96% ethanol (polar), ethyl acetate (semi-polar), and N-Hexane (non-polar), as well as a control (Aquades). The results showed that the ethanol and N-hexane extracts of S. multijuga leaves positively contained alkaloid and flavonoid compounds. Meanwhile, the ethyl acetate leaf extract was only positive for alkaloid compounds. The results of the efficacy test showed that the N-Hexane extract of Senna Sp. leaves with a concentration of 5% had higher toxicity activity against the mortality of instar III O. rhinoceros larvae compared to other treatments.
PENGARUH PERBEDAAN TINGKAT LANTAI KANDANG TERBUKA TERHADAP BOBOT PANEN, BOBOT KARKAS, DAN POTONGAN KARKAS AYAM PEDAGING
This study aims to determine the effect of different levels of open house floor on final weight, carcass weight, and percentage of broiler carcass cuts. The method used in this study was experimental. The data obtained were analyzed using a Two-Way Independent Sample T-Test. The material in this study was 150 broilers aged 15 days with two treatments and 15 replicates. Each replicate used 5 broilers. The treatments used were T1: First floor and T2: Second floor. The results showed that the effect of different levels of open house floor had a significant effect (P<0.05) on final weight but had no significant effect (P>0.05) on carcass weight and carcass cuts of broilers. Final weight of broilers ranged from 2,203.33g to 2,274.35g. Broiler carcass weight ranged from 1,561.6g to 1,603.33g. Broiler breast percentage ranged from 41.39% to 42.68%. The percentage of broiler thighs ranged from 12.9% to 14.94%. The percentage of broiler wings ranged from 9.16% to 9.44%. It can be concluded that the levels of open house floor had a significant effect on final weight but had no significant effect on carcass weight and carcass cuts of broilers.