PENAPISAN SENYAWA FITOKIMIA DAUN, BATANG DAN KULIT KAYU Senna multijuga DENGAN BERBAGAI JENIS PELARUT SERTA EFIKASINYA TERHADAP LARVA KUMBANG TANDUK (Oryctes rhinoceros

Phytochemical Screening of Senna multijuga Leaves, Stems, and Bark Using Various Solvents and Their Efficacy Against Horned Beetle Larvae (Oryctes rhinoceros)

Abstrak

Fabaceae plants (Senna Sp.) are thought to have potential as botanical insecticides against rhinoceros beetles (Oryctes rhinocerus). However, information regarding their phytochemical content and biological activity is still limited. The first objective of this study was to identify the phytochemical compound content in all parts of the Senna multijuga plant, including leaves, stems, and bark. And the second objective was to determine the biological activity of various S. multijuga extracts against instar III larvae of O. rhinoceros. This study was divided into two main parts: screening of phytochemical compounds and testing the efficacy of each extract against O. rhinoceros larvae. The screening of phytochemical compounds used the Harborne color test method. Meanwhile, the efficacy testing of the extracts was carried out in vitro. This study was conducted experimentally using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments, each treatment repeated 3 times to obtain 15 experimental units. The treatment given was leaf extract with four different solvents, namely water, 96% ethanol (polar), ethyl acetate (semi-polar), and N-Hexane (non-polar), as well as a control (Aquades). The results showed that the ethanol and N-hexane extracts of S. multijuga leaves positively contained alkaloid and flavonoid compounds. Meanwhile, the ethyl acetate leaf extract was only positive for alkaloid compounds. The results of the efficacy test showed that the N-Hexane extract of Senna Sp. leaves with a concentration of 5% had higher toxicity activity against the mortality of instar III O. rhinoceros larvae compared to other treatments.