OPTIMASI METODE STERILISASI EKSPLAN DAUN GAMBIR (Uncaria gambir (Hunter) Roxb) ASAL PAKPAK BHARAT SECARA IN VITRO

Optimization of Sterilization Methods for In Vitro Gambir (Uncaria gambir (Hunter) Roxb) Leaf Explants from Pakpak Bharat

Abstrak

Gambir, a prominent commodity of Pakpak Bharat from the Rubiaceae family, can be propagated through in vitro techniques. However, in vitro culture of gambir faces challenges such as high contamination and browning rates, which can lead to explant mortality. This study aimed to identify the optimal sterilization method to reduce contamination and browning levels in gambir leaves propagated in vitro. The research was conducted at the Tissue Culture Laboratory,Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau from February to April 2024. A completely randomized design (CRD) with a single factor was applied, consisting of four treatments and five replications. The collected data were statistically analyzed, and significant differences were assessed using the LSD test. The results revealed that Method 4, which involved washing the explants with Sunlight detergent followed by rinsing under running water for 60 minutes, soaking in Tween 80 (3 drops/liter) for 20 minutes, rinsing with distilled water three times, soaking in a solution of fungicide, bactericide, erythromycin, and zoralin for 30 minutes, rinsing three times, soaking in alcohol for 1 minute, rinsing three times, soaking in 20% and 10% Bayclin solutions for 10 minutes each, and rinsing three times, was the most effective. This method successfully reduced contamination and browning in gambir leaf explants, achieving up to 80% sterile explants with no browning observed.